A Study On The Development Of Cities And Markets In Xinjiang In The Qing Dynasty (1757-1911)

Towns and market development area has been a hot research of history and geography, urban development and the market situation is a measure of socio-economic development of a region important indicator, but also the interaction between economic and social development and an important factor in local economic development impact. Specific to the Xinjiang region, about the research in this area is still significant weaknesses, the paper also studied by the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang town and market development, revealing differences in age and characteristics of urban areas in the Xinjiang region and market development, and to explore which exhibited characteristics and laws, in order to provide the necessary historical basis and reference for today’s urban coordinated economic and social development in Xinjiang.Xinjiang town under the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the development of the market in terms of time can be divided into three distinct phases, each characterized by the development of the more obvious, the three time periods were 1757-1861, 1862-1883,1884-1912, namely in Hui Nationality Uprising (1862-1873) and the Xinjiang province (1884) for time-off limit. Space according to the situation on the Tianshan Mountains, roughly divided into southern and northern, southern Xinjiang Turpan and Hami where its southern border have different places, will be discussed in separate out.The specific contents of the first chapter focuses on the development of the town before the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang, Xinjiang town by describing various historical periods, to tease out the context of urban development in Xinjiang, and thus lead to a discussion of the urban development of the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang; second chapter early Qing Dynasty built the town’s situation, namely to recover Xinjiang Hui Nationality Uprising from the Qing government, after the town in this period of new and expansion of large-scale, almost in the history of urban development in Xinjiang’s most prosperous period, respectively, from the northern, southern and Dongjiang start on behalf of the town; the third chapter is the development of the late Qing town, there are three aspects, namely the decline of Hui Nationality Uprising and towns, the second is the reconstruction of the town’s Xinjiang Province, the third is about the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang demographic changes Urumqi Balikun research areas; the fourth chapter is the development of the Qing Dynasty commerce market, the idea is based on the theme of the main center of Xinjiang market and transport markets, and to explore the development of the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang commerce. The fifth chapter is the full text summary.Since the size and Zhuo Qing government put down the rebellion, to Xinjiang province, as well as to the late Qing Dynasty, is the economic development of Xinjiang, the largest scale, the most productive period. Urban scale, the population increased significantly, animal husbandry in Xinjiang, agriculture, handicrafts, commerce has a certain development, economic ties with the mainland and more closely, the urban development and the commercial development of the market is basically synchronous, bringing urban development productivity improvement can be exchanged for goods increases, and then tear down the commercial market development, in turn, lead to increased prosperity of the commercial population, expanding demand, and ultimately promote the development of the town. But Xinjiang also has its own peculiarities, first as a frontier region of Xinjiang, its towns are mainly for military purposes, commercial, supplemented, so back to the city, Seoul, the city will be a separate case; secondly, this period commerce Basically official monopoly, under control, and the purpose is to subsidize the military, safeguard the rule, so the progress is very limited. Coupled with the Qing dynasty rulers inherited "Restraining Commerce" tradition, commerce and trade policy instability, in this case, there is not much commercial development to bring real benefits to social and economic development in Xinjiang, Xinjiang’s development and construction also not make much contribution; finally, foreign trade, after the Opium War, the major cities in Xinjiang have opened as a commercial port, foreign trade established under the premise of inequality, not to promote economic and social development.