Proposed Road To Freedom

Liberalism is a kind of ideology that guides the development of modern western politics and economy. So liberalism owns the main right of speak in contemporary western world. Due to the emerging of liberalism concept system, the theoretical way of thinking in western world steps into a new era. From now on, people won't easily accept the will of god or inherit the rationalism which comes from the Enlightenment. Therefore, liberalism goes through theoretical innovation with full of historical significance. The result is that it brings various valuable meaning and the principles of freedom and equality. The reason why liberalism takes so much attention in nowadays includes historical reason and developing reason. But when we specifically study basic theory of liberalism and social reply in reality, we will find contradictions and imbalance of ideological system between liberalism and principles of freedom and equality. In one hand, modern liberalism inherits the spirit of personal autonomy from traditional liberalism; on the other hand, it changes the default ontology in liberalism. Modern liberalism insists that human and society complement each other, it also believes that national laws and individual liberty are not only conflict-free, but also benefits the development of personal right. However, this kind of movement of thought couldn't get united with social reality. So classic liberalism gradually declined for lacking of forward-looking guiding ideology. The internal strife and external opposition of new liberalism leads to the inter core of liberalism covers the same coat but differs inside.Marxism notices this defect of liberalism, so it overturns classic liberalism which originated from Europe and then opens up a new viewpoint to interpret thought of freedom and equality through theoretical explanation of philosophical revolution significance. Marx uses way of thinking to practice as a theoretical premise and criticizes sham and deception of bourgeoisie principles of freedom and equality. From Marx's criticism to bourgeoisie principles of freedom and equality including internal arguments of liberalism, we can see that bourgeoisie's capital logic doesn't change. What nature provides to rationality is only the instinct which draws on the advantages and avoids disadvantages. Moreover, what's the new liberalism adjusts are only improvement to society and repair to system. The meaning that Marx criticizes liberalism is he elaborates the real status of bourgeoisie's freedom and equality and also the cognition to survival dilemma in modern human society. At the same time, he looks into future realistically and rationally. Although in modern world there are a lot of social issues, these factors won't influence Marx's criticism. Some liberalists even deviate from original intention of liberalism during fixing theory of liberalism. The impact from socialism to liberalism leads to internal questioning, spring and even secession. For this reason, Marx discusses universal equality's impact on individual and society. Further more; he comes up with a final equal ideal, which is to achieve the liberation of all mankind. According to the essential meaning of practice, Marx emphasizes on real basis of thought of freedom and society. In aspect of problem awareness, we should focus on content and form of freedom and equality. In this way, we can reveal the nature and potential crisis of bourgeois liberalism. On this basis, Marx analyzes logical starting point and common sense of liberalism, and then he finally looks into future realistically and rationally. This essay includes four parts:Part one illustrates the ideals and facts of classic liberalism. Then it reveals the contradiction between ideal and facts through summarizing the development and core concepts of classical liberalism. Part one also illustrates the nature of reality compared with the basic principles of classical liberalism. In the philosophical aspect, this paper analyzes the human nature in classic liberalism. The progress of ontology and epistemology makes the free will of classic liberalism deepen step by step. In this part, the author mainly analyzes the theoretical basis and practical basis of classic liberalism. Moreover, it discusses the split of political, social, philosophical concept in classic liberation. During the historical development, liberalism has become the mainstream ideology in western world. The deepening of ideology represents the systematization of liberalism. The systematization will gradually lead to rigidity of theory and impossibility to respond to the requirements of reality. All these will result in Marx's criticism and revolution of new liberalism.Part two specifically discusses about Marx's criticism to classic liberalism and hypothesis. This part mainly explains Marx's criticism to classic liberalism from three different levels including philosophical level, theoretical level and principle level. From the perspective of developmental history, it seems that the development of liberalism is logical. But Marx thought that actual changes of social stage were not as absolute as liberalism envisioned. Marx used his dialectical thinking to come up with that ascendancy like capitalist mode of production suffers rebellions from relations of production. The nature of freedom and equality will be recognized, so the crisis and damage comes from liberalism will directly lead to the death of liberalism.Part three mainly talks about the development of new liberalism compared with classic liberalism and the response to Marx's criticism. Since the period of enlightenment, there were a lot of different voices in classic liberalism. The internal liberalism had started self-criticism when facing with reality. The new industry revolution and labor movement had pushed forward internal adjustment of liberalism. The new liberalism could be regarded as transition period of liberalism. After the war, western capitalist countries universally went through an integration process of economy, society, and nation-state. There were some ideological factors, but most of them are mainly about development of economy, society and nation-state. Except for the improvement in aspect of economy and politics, the new liberalism also constraints in the cultural aspect such as social life and political economy. But when we mention internal liberalism, the most powerful impact is not the defects in economy and politics but the questioning about realistic level of freedom and equality, and also the questioning about individualism and moral. The new liberalism has made a series of design in aspect of system and the economy to response the criticism from Marx and other trends of thoughts.Part four gives a summative discussion about the regime that Marx applied in western countries is liberal democracy and the impressive significance of criticism to liberalism. Marx realized that western political equality seriously ran out of line with economic equality. However, the inequality of economic status is mainly caused by innate differences of accumulated private property. As a result, unless use the state coercive power to reform the uneven distribution of wealth, otherwise the ideal of liberalism will be a castle in the air forever. For this reason, Marx started from a historical perspective and moved on with practical ways of thinking. He anatomized the meaning and nature of freedom and equality. At the same time, Marx analyzes the individual of right and national theory built by rational victory, and then he develops what is useful and discards what is not. He also criticized the political equality of liberal democracy. What's more, Marx pointed out that the irreducible value (such as freedom, equality and fraternity) in liberal democracy just equals to relatively effective value, rather than general, absolutely effective theory. Marx's critical spirit focused on capital and civil society. His constructive ideas concentrated in ideas of"human liberation"and"future society". Moreover, Marx's future society was built on the basis of human liberation. Finally, Marx's future conceptualization provided evidence and arguments for the progress of socialism and refreshment of liberalism.