On Federalism Movement In Modern China

The federalism movement was a political movement to build federal government, which was another new democracy transition endeavor after Wuxu Political Reform and the Revolution of 1911。If the Wuxu Political Reform was to research constitutional monarchy imitated monarchy of Japan, the aim of federalism movement was federation commonwealth government. Form the late of Qing dynasty, the federalism has been introduced into china as a method of division power when the balance of central and local government had been losted,. Federalism has bring into play it's power in china political life and oppose autarchy anamnesis. When Yuan shi-kai's centralism policy connect with autarchy, which result in the centralism become the evil of pronoun and lost the power to finish the unification. After the period of Yuan shih-k'ai government, social need a new validity theory resources when the battle and negotiation all lost it's power to solve the nation unification, Federalism had been continual propagandized for a few years in china and produce mobilize power, which exploded the federalism movement finally.The procedure of federalism movement has three arrangement, firstly, province autonomy, secondly, unite of autonomy single province, in the end, federalism government. In the one hand, let every single province formulate province constitution and organize government according constitution, on the other hand, let every single designate it's delegate to constitute province unit meeting and draw out national constitution to buildup federation country, through this approach, the federalist believe the country will achieve unification in the last. The federalism movement had connect with provincialism, and the latter provide the base of country's situation for frontal,. But as a political conservatism, provincialism has a different political aim with federation, which weaken the constitutionalism spirit step by step. The relation between the provincialism and federalism result in the federalism movement connect with warlord separatist regime, which influence the transformation of modern china. From the province constitution to Guoshi meeting constitution, we can see all the constitution hope to weaken warlord govern power and recognition the rule of law, which achieve constitutionalism institutional innovation. And the country has materialize the direction of federalism system. But we must acknowledge that because the province constitution was controlled by the warlord, which conduce the federalism movement walk into puzzle dom, all that aross the criticism from the Guo-min party. The federalist consider that the province autonomy was the first step for the national unit, but the Guo-min party answer that national unite was the first step before province autonomy. The conflict between the Chen Jiong-ming and Sun Yat-sen which turn the development mode from the American to Soviet RussiaCompare the construct federalism course of the Amercian, the democracy transformation for the early Republic of China had meeted complex situation. The different development way between the Amercian and China which result in federation depiction arises inversion and confusion. From the Amercian national foundation history experience, we can seen that sequence was nation central government behind local government, in addition, which provided with maturation tradition of local autonomy., all of that decide federal constitution must adopt bidirectional method of division power. The construction of federation answer two question exist in the development of Amercian, which means national power and political participation. Through the construction of federation, Amercian became strong country in world. In china, the political tradition was singularity and unification, federalism division power can't achieve legality in china political tradition. The construction of federation was in the price of destroy the political configuration, so if china lack tradition of local autonomy, the province autonomy was not the product of local autonomy, and became the tool to antagonize central government by local warlord finally, which let's federation become obstacle for unification. Federation can't answer two questions in china and can't let nation constitutionalism come true, then the democracy of transform also become unreality.Though the fate of federalism movement was be defeated, as a unsuccessful democracy of transformation, which drive china's political participation, fulfill the experience of local draw constitution and establish constitution status of civil right. The history of federalism movement apocalypse that federation can't suit for china reality, which also drive the century thinking about how to keep balance between central government and local government, the national power and civil right, ultimately push local autonomy for china democracy construction.