The Study On Glosseme Of Jining Dialects

The thesis selects the Jining dialectal vocabulary as the research object. From carrying out investigation and study of the Jining dialectal vocabulary, the thesis is to explore the discrepancies of semantic phenomena between Jining dialects and mandarin and between Jining dialects of different kinds on the basis of lexical semantics. The research aims to explore the system and the regularities of the dialectal vocabulary.The preface firstly explains the reasons of selecting the Jining dialectal vocabularies as the research object, and the reasons of using lexical semantics. Jining dialect vocabulary has great consistency with the Shandong dialect and the entire northern dialect vocabulary. At the same time, there are also many differences; it has its own characteristics. There are twelve counties and cities in Jining, including zhongqu, jiaoqu, Yanzhou, Qufu, Zoucheng, Sishui, Jiaxiang, Yutai, Weishan, Jixiang, Wenshang and Lianshan. Because of the discrepancies of nature environment and history and people's living custom, there are some differences in the dialectical vocabularies. In the past, the vocabulary studies were mostly with focus on simple enumerating the vocabulary's characteristics and classification. The studies lacked systematic and in-depth study theoretically. The thesis which based on the modern Semantics including lexical semantics, cognitive semantics, structural semantics, and based on synchronic and diachronic aspects, mainly through the comparisons on the mandarin and dialect, aims to explore the system and the regularities of the dialectal vocabulary.Chapter one:It deals with the geography, history, philosophy and the characters of vocabularies of Jining. Jining is in the southwest of Shandong province, which is located in the combination of su-lu-yu-wan, which is close to the east of Linyi, the west of Heze, the south of Zaozhuang and Xuzhou, the north of Taian and Liaocheng. Because of the discrepancies of nature environment and history and people's living custom, there are some differences in the dialectical vocabularies.Chapter two:It deals with the content of glosseme. It studies on the morpheme meaning, the content of glosseme, the grammar meaning of glosseme. The study of the morpheme meaning, mainly discussing the influence of simplex word and compound word from the differences of morpheme meaning, finds that the differences of morpheme meaning between mandarin and dialect. It studies that the differences between mandarin and dialect and the interior each dialect mainly from the connotation and the extension, in order to find the difference in the concept of the vocabulary, namely the extension and the connotation, and the number of the lexical meaning. From the field of meaning, the semantic field of mandarin is higher, the dialect is lower. Reduplication is a manifestation of morphological change in dialect, and important influence linguistic means of quantity categories. There are many forms of special reduplicative formation in JiNing dialect,for example, the ABB-form of adjectives, theABA ub-form AA of verbs, the AAA-form of quantifiers. It explores the complex relationship of reduplication and quantity categories by the study of the forms of the reduplicative formation. The perfect is inbodied by'lai"lao', the proceed is inbodied by 'pen'Chapter three:It will put glosseme into the semantic field to make comparative studies.The semantic fields are divided into the semantic fislds,synonymy fields, classification fields and antonymy semantic fields. Then it will analyze the difference in semantic. Attempt to seek the systematic characteristic of the dialect semantics and the regularity of the language phenomenon. The differences is inbodied by the concept of the vocabulary, namely the extension and the connotation, and the number of the lexical meaning. In the synonymy fields, it finds that some vacancy glosseme in mandarin. The antonymy semantic fields, it studies from the blance and the inblance. The adverbs of degree in antonymy semantic fields, which have sign, whih is not, reflect that the inblance are different. The adverbs of degree with sign is 21%, without sign is 11% by our statistics. The concept of the vocabulary, and the number of the lexical meaning of polysemy field indialect is different from mandarin. It analye the field by 'no-polysemy view'. In the classification field, the dialect of named degrees is higher than mandarin by our statistics in farm wok, relaties, domestick animal. For example, in mating and estrus field, there are only two words in mandarin, but there are different glossemes for different animals in dialects.Chapter four:It makes the studies on the combine of the Jining dialect's glosseme。It also includes the differences of the glosseme in the combine and the matching. We have positive and negative characteristics of Jining dialect meaning a combination of bits inspected in detail, neutral words occurred more than offset the environmental assessment of the environment, Jining dialect negative bias level where the majority of defined spaces, In Mandarin can not enter that phrase questions or extent of positive and negative meaning of place in the dialect can be. In addition, the positive and negative position also reflects the meaning of the differences between dialects. The adverbs of degree reflects the differencesof dialects. The neutral glosseme occurred in assessment of the environment by our statistics.The neutral glosseme is bias on negative meaning in dialect. The positive and negative glosseme in mandarin cant enter in assessment environment, just like 'duo' and 'hen'.But it opposites in dialect, just like big and small, high and shrt, tall and low. It also includes the differences of dialects,for example "beng""lao",which is different in zoucheng, yanzhou,and in qufu.Chapter five:It is a dialect of justice took place. Origin of the word dialect, from the horizontal point of view, some absorption of Mandarin or other local dialect word, from the vertical perspective, some inherited and developed the ancient words. Dialect words in the process of formation and development, dialect words or by the impact of social environment, or to adjust their internal systems, continue to occur evolution, sometimes increased, decreased, die, and sometimes innovation, restructuring, is a dynamic development Process of change, the formation of the Mandarin, the difference between ancient and dialects. For example"lai", As sentence-final auxiliary word, Lai presents some tense and aspectual meanings in Early Modern Chinese. Based on the study on the syntactical implications of "lai", it suggests that lai means past occurrence and accomplishment, which closes to the usage of recent past and perfect. But the implications of lai aren't stable, which also present past experience and future tense. So Lai which becomes the typical tense and aspect mark is during the transitional period.The process of the development of dialects, it is influenced by the people's living environment and the modulation of interior system.And it is the dynamic development, for example, which sometimes become more, less, extinct,innovating, and modulating. So there are differences between the Mandarin, ancient and dialects.