Wei Distress Literati Creation

The Southern and Northern Dynasties in Chinese history are the most turbulent and darkest social, political period of nearly four hundred long years. During the period the bulk of the scholars suffered hardship, and even death. In the perspective of "dedication to creation of books", the distressed and creative scholars marked a clear literature outline of that time. In this paper, the author focuses on distressed scholars,their literary devotion and works in the time of Wei and Jin Southern and northern Dynasties, and discloses clearly the reason of the prosperity and awareness of literature of that time is that the writers distress. This paper consists of seven parts, including the introduction and six chapters of content.In the introduction the author proposed the existence of the cultural and social phenomena of the distressed scholars. That historical and cultural literati phenomenon was caused by ethnic wars, social unrest, national disintegration, famine, death and split of personality which led to both physical and mental suffers of poets and writers. The connotation of the concept includes these authors high self-expectations, acceptance of the prolonged distress and hardship, distinctive moral principle and value judgments.The first chapter is the analysis of classification of the distressed scholars. Through the study of the relationship between distress and political dimensions of the period, the distressed scholars can be divided into political scholars, hermit scholars and ambivalent scholars. As the reasons and specific performance is concerned, the can fall into material suffering scholars, mental distressed scholars and life straitened scholars. From the authors attitudes toward hardship, they can also be typed into rigid scholars, scholars of indulgence and transcendental scholars.The second chapter is the overview of the literary creations of the distressed writers. It mainly studies the hardship of this period, social and cultural background of literary creation, logic stage, expression of distress and their representation of literary creation in the light of creative imagery and creative dimension. During this period, "demise" system is popular, and writers keep distance from politics, and theory divorces from reality. Distress of scholars progresses three stages:confrontation with difficulties, struggle, and transcendence. The expression of distress is nothing more than literary material on the physical poverty, frustrated distress, and mental anguish. In face of hardship, the poets manage to transcend through channels of drinking, philosophical thinking, and imagery of death.The third chapter is about creative psychology of the distressed writers. Under the condition of frustrations and hardship the consciousness of literary creation is characterized of community, long-term process, and firm determination. Meanwhile, creation of the distressed literary scholars has the function of psychotherapy. It is also the physical need, security need, belonging and love need, esteem need and self-actualization need of creative scholars.The fourth chapter is the creation topic of distressed writers. The theme of literary works is often beyond the literature itself and reflects the values of a particular culture. It is the crystallization of cultural psychology, national character and spirit of the times. Literature in the Southern and Northern Dynasties has a special literary theme which particular concerns the themes of politics, alcohol drinking, freedom, and life..Chapter five explores creation characteristics of the distressed scholars. Literary works in troubled times reflects the main features of travel. The "travel" can be divided into "travel of heart," "travel of Fairy," "delighted walking" and "dream walking," and" returning home in dream", and the most distinctive feature of the works is the imagination and fiction. The second characteristic feature is the inwardness.Chapter six is the historical position of distressed literary creation. The poems of the distressed writers reflect the value of life, spiritual pursuit, and charisma of personality which has great impact on creation type, style, genre, methods and the subject of the later literary.The paper concludes that the existence of the distressed writers in the Southern and Northern Dynasties is an objective, long-term, reality which is closely related to political, current situation, age and culture. The writers in the Wei and Jin periods get rid of their stress and distress, and promote the "consciousness by literary creation. Literature prosperity and booming is closely related to the perspective of " dedication to creation of books ".Literary creation of the distressed writers pay a heavy price and has distinct characteristics and great defects which is blooming flowers on the suffering branches...