Gac "language Transformation" Ideological Research

"Language transformations" is a kind of movement phenomenon universally existing in all kinds of natural languages. The transformations in languages show both diachronic aspects and synchronic aspects. The research on language transformations in linguistics first started in its diachronic aspect, that is to say, researching on the language evolution. Structural linguistics ushered in a new era for the study of language transformation at the synchronic aspect. Since 1960s, along with the start of "semantic turn", language transformation with meaning as its invariant has become the focus linguistic research. Thereafter, the establishment and development of functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics etc. have injected new motive power and shed light on the research of language transformation, which is demonstrated fully by the research on "synonymy, the same referent and the functional equivalent". This disseration probes into the research on language transformations done by the famous Russian linguist, V. G. Gak (B. F. Fan) with a comprehensive review, a critical comment on the research itself and the current findings of related areas. The main contents include three models of language transformations, the theoretical justification of language transformations, the factor of language transformations, the scope of the manifestations and the use of languages transformations, and the typology of language transformations.Gak's theory of typology is the key study point of this dissertation. The novelty consists in that this theory was put forward on the integral basis of the structural-semantic-situation model, describing comprehensively a panorama of language transformations at the synchronic aspect which is not only fit for intralingal study, but for interlingal comparison. Meanwhile, the achievements of the research also provide the answer to one of the ancient topics in philosophy of language:the human thoughts under different linguistic background have universal features.This dissertation can provide some reference for foreign language teaching, theory and practice of translation, as well as lexicography etc.