| Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan was a monk of Gelug Sect of Tibet Buddhism who kept the safety of North Xinjiang the late Qing Dynasty. The research on his life was only involved by the researchers of Xinjiang history and Tibetan scholars of his hometown Co-ne for so many years, and it didn't take seriously by the Tibetan field that it should have been. This paper takes a textual research for the activities of military, politics and religion of Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan in Xinjiang and Tibet, according to the works rjebtsunbjams pa mthustobs kun dgav rgjal mtshan dpal bzang Povi mam thar nor buvi vkhri shing the only biography of him and refering to Qing Dynasty Memoir and other documents and materials of Qing Dynasty. The political idea and the Buddhist thought of Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan are analyzed based on the background of times and the way the imperial court appointing him is discussed.Firstly, the paper takes a research of his activities of military, politics in Xinjiang. After the Opium War of Qing Dynasty, the social contradictions unprecedented sharpened and the movements against Qing Dynasty were rising here and subsiding there. After the Heavenly Kingdom movement, there was the rebellion of Hui in the area of Shaanxi and Gansu the early of Tongzhi years, and then the rebellion spread to Xinjiang. The large-scale struggles of fighting against Qing took place in lots of towns in Xinjiang area and the rule of central government almost paralyzed. The military situations of some important towns were in emergency such as Hi, Urumchi and so on. At the same time, Jin xiangyin, the feudal landlord of Kashgar, made full use of armed revolts and led Yakub the army leader of Andijan intruding the South Xinjiang the third year of Tongzhi. The rule of Qing government in South Xinjiang almost ruined and the situation of North was dangerous. In this context, Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan who was born in town of Taozhou came to Xinjiang as a monk promoting Buddhism. The idea of saving people and defending the central government was aroused for the devastation of the North Xinjiang. He led the troops and joined the battle. He rescued the Tarbaghatai and crashed the rebellion of Hui. The royal court awarded him the name and official seal of ho-thog-thu for his remarkable contribution of protecting the northern. After that, his troop moved to Uriankhai and recovered Buren-Tuohai, and then they reinforced Uliastai. They became the important military power appointed by Qing government that protected the North Xinjiang. Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan led the monks fight against Tsarist Russia and became the effective resistance of the invader. They defended the territorial integrity of Qing Dynasty in the North Xinjiang.Secondly, this paper takes a research of his activities of politics and religion. Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan had contributed a lot to the politics and religion of Tibet. He tried to send the Third Cemolinohan to go to Tibet as a monk using the friendly relationship with the officials of Qing Dynasty and trained a outstanding politician and religionist. He participated in the negotiations for the dispute between Nepal and Tibet and played an important role in it with his wealth and power during the time he went to Tibet for his pilgrimage. The paper also introduces his main religious activities, such as having an audience with Dalai Lama, pilgrimage, worshiping Labrang Monastery and establishing dgav-ldan-bkra-shis-bsam-grub-gling and so on.The paper takes the way of examining while researching and analyzes his activities in each chapter such as the reason Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan going to Mongolia to propagate Buddhism, the reason, time and place he joining in the battle, the whole story of the royal court awarding him the name of ho-thog-thu, the relationship between him and Qing government and the officials and the reason he left Xinjiang.The final conclusions part of the paper highly summarizes all the aspects through the detail analysis. Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan's destiny was closely bound up with the activities of military, politics and religion. The two sides were a mutual connection and couldn't be inseparable. His activities of military and politics came from the activities of religion, vice versa, the activities of military, and politics promoted his activities of religion. These two sides constituted his life. Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan's activities were deeply influenced by his idea of politics and Buddhist, namely all his activities were determined by the idea of politics and Buddhist his insist.At last, the paper analyzes the way of appointment which Qing Dynasty took for Kun-dgav-rgyal-mtshan as putting him in an important position, appointing him cautiously, appointing him no more and reappointing him. |
PDF Full Text Request