Development Of Multicultural Background In The Yuan Dynasty Frontier Fortress

Yuan Dynasty was a unified multi-ethnic country established by Mongolia nationality which came into Central Plains. The national exchange and integration made the literature of Yuan Dynasty in the multicultural atmosphere. The atmosphere had far-reaching effects to all literary style of the Yuan Dynasty, including the Yuan poetry, especially the Frontier Poems. The creation on Yuan Poetry, especially the Frontier Poems of Yuan Dynasty tried to break through the bondage of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry, although obtained great achievements, but due to the future generations researchers'attention of the Yuan Qu research, it was weakened. Our research on the Frontier Poems of Yuan Dynasty in the multicultural background is actually on the Yuan Poetry, especially the Frontier Poems in the achievement of a kind of regression or attention.. In Chinese poetry, especially the history of the development of the frontier fortress poems, Yuan frontier poetry was in the transitional position between the preceding Tang and Song poetry and the following Ming and Qing poetry. Without a disinterested appraisal of Yuan frontier poetry, a panoramic view of the whole process of Chinese ancient poems, especially the frontier poems would not be unbiased. It is worthy of our attention. The role of Yuan frontier poetry in the whole process of frontier poetry is transitional. This dissertation, from the aspects of inheritance and innovation, examines the development of Yuan frontier poetry in its multicultural background. On the one hand, many traditional subjects were adopted in a lot of Yuan frontier poems. They, through the vivid description of the emotions of the recruited solders fortressing the national border and the worrying wives at home, as well as the beautiful sceneries greatly inherited the excellent tradition in Tang frontier poetry. On the other hand, even in those Yuan frontier poems with traditional subjects, there existed unique characteristics of Yuan Dynasty, for example, the extension of the image of wild goose. Furthermore, poems about the conquest to the west and cortege poems, the new species of frontier poetry in Yuan Dynasty, were brilliant against the multicultural background. This dissertation explores the political, economical, culture and other aspects of Yuan Empire, to be specific, it attempts an introduction to the reporting to the Majesty, troops of the hostages, and the high-rank officials in the Upper Capital, etc. which were closely related to the contemporary frontier poems, to the agriculture, husbandry, fishing and hunting industries, to the psychology of Yuan men of letters, and to the coexistence of multiple cultures in detail. The kesig system as well as the Tibetan Buddhism is organically interspersed in the latter analysis of poetic works. After these preparatory introduction to the multicultural background is made, the following chapters are to analyse the current situations of Yuan frontier poetry from two perspectives of inheritance and development.Frontier poetry and the frontier poetry of Yuan Dynasty are two concepts that have a close relationship each other. The particularity of the importance of Yuan frontier makes the understanding of Yuan frontier poetry richer more than that in the previous dynasties. We need to find and induce its epochal and national character by categorizing and analyzing the traditional subjects of the frontier poetry, such as descriptions of frontier wars, of the recruited frontier soldiers and worrying wives at home, and of the beautiful sceneries along the border, etc. The subjects of pounding the clothes, wild goose, and Mongolia larks are specially selected to interpret the social implication.The three expeditions to the West of Genghis Khan and his offspring were great events in the Mongolia and Yuan history, and they function as an important background of the poems about the conquest to the west in Yuan frontier poetry. Through an introduction to the first expedition, this dissertation emphasizes the appearance of poems about the conquest to the west during the process. Poets who wrote poems about the conquest to the west, Qiu Chuji and Yelvchucai as representatives, made great contributions to the development of Yuan frontier poetry. Both the changes of sensibilities and the extension of its subject are important representation of the development of Yuan frontier poetry. After Kublai Khan established the Yuan Empire, two-capital system being settled down as basic, the annual inspecting tours of the Yuan emperors thus became of vital importance. The escorting officials and soldiers, who composed cortege poems during the tour, also drew a splendid stroke upon the luxurious painting of Yuan frontier poetry. The natural resources and ethnical customs and habits in the Upper Capital became important subjects of Yuan frontier poetry, whereas the palace lyrics of Yuan Dynasty, with a combination of the subjects of frontier poetry and palace lyrics, also presented a bright hue in the cortege poetry, which, as a special component of Yuan frontier poetry, contributed a lot to the development of place lyric and frontier poetry.The development of Yuan frontier poetry, firstly, resides in the extension of its subject due to the expansion of territory. Compared with the territories of Hans and Tang, the Yuan domain was an obvious expansion. The complicated components of territory of the Yuan Empire brought about a corresponding extension of the content of frontier poetry. Secondly, Yuan frontier poetry demonstrated great vacancy of development in both writing techniques and expressing feelings. The true-to-life and objective description, as well as the strong love for the natural scenery and ethnical customs along the frontier is an apparent change. Moreover, the composition of the poets of ethnical minorities, together with the annotated and group forms of poetry works as good examples as great improvement of Yan frontier poetry. Finally, examining Yuan poetry and Yuan frontier poetry as a whole from a view of the history of poetry is easier to see it is important influence that in the multicultural background for Yuan poetry, especially the frontier fortress poem creation.