Yuan Dynasty Vernacular Inscription Research

The Raihua Beiwen(vennacular inscriptions on tablets)of Yuan dynasty arc some official documents written in the vernacular carved on tablets, most of them are various decrees issued by the governors of Yuan dynasty to the Buddist and taoist temples. The original texts of Baihua Beiwen were generally written in Huihu or Hpags-pa Mongolian script first, then transland distinctive metaphrasic style features:their basic words and grammatical rules were close to the actual spoken language at that time, but meanwhile were mixed with many Mongolian components that made then different to real Chinese.Yuan dynasty is not only an important phase of the formation of northern Mandarin, but also the peak period in which Altaic languages contacted with Chinese extensively. The long time contact among languages of different types should have caused some changes of Chinese. The MorrSiorrmixed linguistic phenomena in Baihua Beiwen are exactly the direct and lovely reflection to the contacts of languages in that period. To deeply study these linguistic phenomena is very important for us to fully understand the aspects and features of Chinese in Yuan dynasty, to clarify the actual influence of Altaic languages on Chinese.Although the contents of Baihua Beiwen seem stylized, they deel with many aspects of Yuan dynasty, such as politics, economy, law, religion, culture, geography etc, and they are most reliable synchronic material of very high values on history, religious science, local-record science.The Huihu style and Hpags-pa Mongolian scriptscarved on the sane tablet are very precious material for studing medieval Mongolian,and Baihua Reiwen are of important reference values for discerning and transcribing Mongolian scripts.This thesis is a tentative study about the metaphrasic style documents of Yuan dynasty represented by Baihua Beiwen. Its main contents are divided into two parts:The first part of the thesis is the study of Baihua Beiwen of Yuan dynasty, consists of:1, the style study of Baihua Beiwen of Yuan dynasty.We emphatically discuss the styles of various vernacular decrees, the ways of numbering the years, the determination of the issuing years and the issue of several documents carved on the same tablet. 2, the comparative study between the Momgolian originals and Chinese translations. According to the common style of vernacular imperial edicts, we compare the Mongolian original text with vernacular Chinese translations sentence by sentence,and try to find their corresponding relationship. 3, The features of metaphrasic style of Baihua Reiwen of Yuan dynasty. It is the focal contents of Part shang.we have revealed its lexcial and grammatical features as metaphrasic style vernacular emphatically from linguistic angles,such asnnany Mongolian noun loan -words; the special uses of plural suffix of noun; the uses of marking case of locative noun;a strict difference between singular and plural personal pronoun; attributive adjunct servd by personal pronoun behind head word;demonstrative pronoun concurrently served as third personal pronoun;the free deictic function and rhetorical question uses of interrogative pronoun; the special uses of verbs YOU( ), SHUO( ) (DAO"( )" and phrase MO DAO( ); the uses of marking Mongolian verb (adverbial participle, participle, auxiliary verb) suffixes of auxiliary'etc; and the redundant structures such as" etc; long attributive adjuncts, like" V++N": long prosecutive adjuncts, like"N+sontenci; pattern;" "rhetorical question;" ( "precative sentence; "( ) ...... " hypotheticconditional sentence; "...... " citational sentence, etc. Because Mongolian is atopic agglutinating language,Its grammatical categories are mainly reflected by attaching sorts of affixes to roots or stems, so morphology holds a centre place in grammauc system, and that is quite different from Chinese, Which belongs to analytic language, grammatical categories mainly reflected by syntactic means such as auxiliary word, word order etc. Furthermore, the changing forms o...