| Strictly speaking, Xiong shili's philosophy may be called the Theory of Substance, being distinguished from ontology. He himself took it as the real being. Under the condition of modern Chinese society & history, his philosophical thinking is a reflection of times-problem. One aim of the process of modern China in philosophy was to re-construct the universal value religion and to establish the individual liberty and value. Accordingly, through the new culture campaign, Science and Democracy, especially Science became the universal Tao. But soon a controversy with whether the science could be the universal foundation for human being or not broke out between two parties, i.e., the science party and the metaphysics party. Putting aside their seeming difference, both of the two sides tried to upbuild a universal foundation for human's existence. And in arguing their opinion, there were full of tense and difficult relations between the subject and object, between the individuality and universality. And the relations affected Xiong Shili's philosophy.As a whole, from his Xin Shu(A Book of Spirit), through his early experience of learning and thinking the theory of consciousness-only, to Zun Wen Lu(A Book Of Xiong Shili's Ana) and The New Theory Of Consciousness-only(written in classical Chinese), Xiong Shili changed from giving prominence to individuality(Ego) to be enamoured of universality(Entity). In his mature thinking of The New Theory Of Consciousness-only(written in Bai-hua), Xiong Shili paid much more attention to the universal entity without giving the specials suitable arrangement. And in the thinking in his late years, Xiong Shili attached more importance to the individualization and specialization of the universal entity.This dissertation researches Xiong's philosophy basing on The New Theory Of Consciousness-only(both the classical edition and the Bai-hua edition),which are his main philosophical works. In his main works, the "substance" had many meanings. It was the groundwork for every individual to exist, that is to say, it was theindividual potence, and it also was the universal foundation for the whole human being, that is to say, it was the universal essence. Further more, it was the foundation immanent for human being to present the phenomena, and it also was the base of the world-in-itself, transcendent to human being. Though he tried to combine the subject and object, and try to unite the individuality and universality, he fell into objectivism and universalism in the end in The New Theory Of Consciousness-only.So this dissertation shows the basic orientation of Xiong Shili's philosophy by analyzing the characteristics of his theory of substance according to the relation between subject and object, individuality and universality, and points out the non-reality in Xiong's real being. |
