Research On Features, Mechanisms And Applications Of Prospective Memory

Research on prospective memory are cwhed out from three aspectS, i.e. feat'Ures, mechansms,and aPplications. And also, progress in this area is reviewed.In chaPtCr l, deAnition and research backgroUnd of prospective memory is introduced,particular1y, it is pointed out tha the zeitgeist in contemPorary cognitive psychology is becomingffiendlier toward prospective memory research as recent developments in psychOlogy arestiWng fresh inforest in the subect.In chaPter 2, three paradigms of prospective memory researcrtatUral, exPerimenta andsimulated scene, is illustrated by some tyPical exPeriments.In chaPter 3, some featUres of prospective memory especially the aging effect is sumxned uP.In chaPter 4, several exishng theories of prospective memory such as mu1tiple memorysystems, familiar-retrieval mechAnsm, and atomatic achvation theory is reviewed.EXPerimental stUdies is conducted in chaPter 5 as follows.A word-detect prospectlye memory taSk which is inlaid in some self confident assessment, items is adopted in experimeat l and 2. The frequency of the target word is increased across trials.The resu1tS shows that'(1 ) A short delay between prospective memory instrUctions and ongoing taSk will lower theprospecthie memory performance. Bat in the period of 7-57 minutes(7 min, l7min,27Inin, 37tnin,57min) prospective memory maintained. This result support the suggestion that prospectivememory forgetting may be occurring only during the first miflthes after the encoding of iniention;(ii ) There is no signiflcan corre1ation betWeen prospective memory and retrospective memoryso does some other vghables lilie, sex, intelligence, and personality(l6 indices of l6PF and 4indices of Eysenck);(iii)For all the puPil, the middle school stUdent, the undergraduate stUdeni and the elder,correlation betWeen prospective memory and retrospective monitor is significam, whilenonsignificam relationship is found for selfassessmeflt,(iV) Age greatly infiuence prospective memory and self assessment, the puPil and the middleschoQl stodent are overconfident and the elder is not so good as the young both in self assessmentand performance.ExPeriment 3 and 4 are conducted to exPlore the interaction betWeen the natUre of aneveni-based prospective intention and the ongoing activity in which it was embedded. The resultsshows that.(v ) The match of the ongoing task and the natue of the intenton results in better prosPectivememory performance than a misoth betWeen the tWo;(vi) Matched targetongOing task cOnditions is less disruPted by dlyided attenton thanmismatched targetongoing task conditions. The reason probably lies in that prospective memorywould need tO depend heavily on strategic processes, whereas in the matched conditions moretomatic processes would contribute as well as strategic processes to prospective memoryFor different grouPs, instrUction is the only difference in the eXPerAnents, i.e. the tWo kinds ofongoing task(semamic or perceptUal) and target (semamic or perceptual) are completelyidentified.Experiment 5 extend research on Transfer Appropriate Processirig(TAP) effect by eXPloringthe features and mechanism of prospective memory in different degree of tensions which wascapsed by different speed of preseniation, the resultS indicates that:(wt) the quicker the target occurred, the lower the prospective memory perfOrmance will be.There is a inclination thOugh haven't reach significance that the qucker presehtaton condition isless dismpted by divided attentons than the slower presentaton conditon. Part of the exPlanationis the ditheeni rato of automatic and strategic processes in retrievaJ. Generalized to conditionsunder press, this results will be helpful to improve performance in emergence, such as eaIthquake,flood, atc., to sny nothing of leCtures, sportS, examinations and so on.To get a iek,. of hOw the mechAnsm of retrieval works, this dissertaion propose a retrievalmodel of prospective...