| Fung Yu-Lan was famous philosopher, philosophical historian and educator in modern China, and was the author of "Sanshi" , "Liushu" , etc. What Mr. Fung had discussed about were not mere problems on philosophy and philosophical history, but also about the fate of our country and people. Therefore, centering on philosophy and philosophical history, Fung had made broad discussion on such social problems as history, culture, politics, ethics, education and religion, put forward a serial of profound viewpoints. It will be helpful for a fully research on Fung' s thoughts by inducing and systematizing his views on social culture.Chapter â… . This part mainly focuses on the theoretical foundation of Fung's views on humane concern spirit and social culture. We believe that, humane concern spirit ran through the whole of Fung's theoretical system of social culture. Historical materialism and theory of essence were the basis of his theoretic system. Fung's views on social culture differ not only to the orthodox Marxism, but also to the contemporary new confucianists. Therefore, we'll mainly make a comparison between Fung's views on culture and those of Liang Shu-Ming's, try to find the mutual supplement between them and provide references for the construction of contemporary Chinese culture.Chapter â…¡. This part mainly discusses Fung's recognition of the motive force and regularity of historical development of the society. This is the key to understanding Fung's viewpoints of social culture. Fung pointed out that the reform in the mode of production is the final power of social historical development, and development of culture is determined by the economic reform.Chapter â…¢. Focusing on the controversy of western and Chinese culture since the early stage of modern times, this part points out the achievement and insufficiency of the intercommunication between the western society and China in each historical period, explains Fung's three developing periods of the theory on western andChinese. By making a comparison between Fung's viewpoints on culture and that of Liang Shu-Ming's, we believe that truth exist in the mutual supplement between Fung's and Liang's cultural theories.Chapter â…£. This part mainly discusses Fung's theories on social politics. Fung believed that political systems can only be set up on the basis of economical systems. China must be industrialized if real democracy and freedom want to be realized.Chapter â…¤. This part mainly talks about Fung's revolutionary ideas, discusses on the tasks, forms and nature of the new and old democratic revolution in China, stresses that federal autocratic system based on natural economy must be thrown down if real democratic politics want to be realized in China.Chapter â…¥. This part mainly discusses Fung's ethical ideas, as well as problems of variable ethics, invariable ethics and levels of ethics. Fung believed that, with the development of economy, people's ethical ideas will change. But there are some basic ethics which remain unchanged for human beings to go by.Chapter â…¦. This part discusses Fung's educational concepts and thoughts of academic independence. Fung held that only industrialization was realized in China did Chinese people share equal education opportunities with other nations in the world, and have academic independence.Chapter â…§. This part discusses Fung's religious ideas. Fung believed that both philosophy and religion can give man a place to settle down and get on with his pursuit, but the value philosophy offers is superior to that religion offers. Fung suggested that religion should be replaced by philosophy. Our opinion is that neither of them can be replaced, i.e. philosophy cannot take the place of religion, and religion cannot replace philosophy either. This chapter also makes a comparative study on the religious ideas of Fung Yu-Lan, Cai Yuan-Pei and Liang Shu-Ming.
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