The Yongzheng Bureaucratic Personnel Exploration

Yongzheng Court (from 1723 to 1735) played a very important role in the early stage of the Qing Dynasty. It was Mr. Meng Shen who studied more about Yongzheng Court in the academic fields. The study of Yongzheng Court in the history circle abroad traced back to 1950s in Japan. Yongzheng zhu pi yu zhi (official commands) research center, which was set up by literae humaniores research institute of Kyoto University in 1947, in which Scholars of several generations were cultivated in this research institute , including Mr. Yang Qijiao ,whose study of the Yongzheng Court was considerably influential later ,and Mr. T. Seaki (Zhuo Bofu) , whose works ,named "Study of the yang-lian yin of Yongzheng Court in Qing Dynasty" was one of the masterpieces ,did not end up until in the spring in 1971. However , our Chinese history circle had paid little attention to the study of the Yongzheng Court since the foundation of the PRC. However, the study of Yongzheng Court has been becoming more and more popular since 197 8. The controversy are concerned about the politics of the Yongzheng Court, such as zou-zhe systems, jun-ji-chu systems, yongzheng continuous-governing and so on. However, we are short of the studies ,which focus on the official human resources systems and its operation systems . This article clarifies some historical facts and fills in this gap. The article quotes much historical information from "Records of Qing Dynasty" , "Notes of Yongzheng Routines ", many memorials to the throne and many resumes of the officials who were recommended to Yongzheng Court.This article doesn't study and explore all the aspects ,for example, the setting-up and the number of departments , salary of the officials ,guan-que and promotions ,which has been already described in the Hui-dian, but some aspects , such as bureaucrat human resources in Yongzheng Court. This article applies the opinions of political sociology and political histology, combined with method of the computation historiography , explore the operation mechanism of the bureaucrat human resources from the following four aspects: introduction system and bureaucrat human resource of the emperor ; "guaranteed recommendation and proposed appointment" and human resources authorities of governors and govenor; tallage system and education level and age structure and geographic distribution of the introduced officials in Yongzheng Court to provide detailed information for analyzing the Chinese traditional politician structure.The raising-and-transposing introduction of the bureaucrats is a much more important part of the emperor's human resources power. As the strengthening of thecentralization of state power and the emperor's power ,the introduction system of Qing Dynasty matured in Yongzheng Court. Yongzheng himself paid much attention to the bureaucrat human resources power and reformed the system . Yongzheng strengthened the emperor's choosing distribution and inspection power of the officials, broke the banner's monopoly human resources power and drove the bureaucratic process of the banner. However, because of the large vast territory and numerous officials ,it was impossible for Yongzheng to monitor all the officials .He kept watch only a few high-ranking officials and banner officials. Not more than hundreds of middle or low ranking officials were monitored and distributed by him .Most of routine officials were arranged by official ministers and military ministers .During the introduction, the emperor took the masterful officials' name down for later-promotion and the non-capable officials would be cancelled and further monitored by the minister. All these decisions were made by the emperor according to his own interview criteria . The emperor identified the candidates according to his own impression of them, that is to say his own practical experiences. Through the practice of the introduction and identification of the talents , Yongzheng forms his unique interview tricks in line with his own practical experiences, such as appearance characteristics and re...