| It is natural to extend linguistic research objects from characters, words and sentences to texts; otherwise linguistic study would be incomplete and devalued. At present, sufficient researches have been made on ihe language units below clauses, and conditions towards the development of text study have been established. Moreover, researches on text abroad have already been performed on a grand and spectacular scale; therefore it seems justified for us lo keep up with the tendency and strengthen the text study of modern Chinese. This paper intends to explore some primary issues on the text of Modern Chinese.This paper is composed of a series of relevant theses with regard to the text study and divided into ten parts altogether.Part One is Preface, which briefly states the purpose, fundamental theory as well as primary methods of this paper.Part Two, entitled Introduction to Text Researches, mainly discusses the frame of text researches, which consist of a number of interrelated parts, namely, the nature and feature of text, unit of text, microstructure, macroslructure and context. A text is a means and effect of communication through language, which are in possession of three features, interaction character, organization character and context character. The basic unit of text is clause. Microstructure mainly deals in the organisation of text whereas macrostructure, the interaction, and context, the situation. In addition, the main achievements on text are summarised in this part in accordance with the frame stated above.Part Three, entitled Structure of Clause, mainly explores the nature and content of clause structure. The function of clause is its existing foundation. Among the formal, semantic mid pragmatic relations, the last is of greatest essence. The topic structure, in possession of category and incapable of being explained within a clause, is the basic structure of clause, reflecting text in connection with context. Topic serves as the starting point of description as well as a bridge between clause and text.Pat Four, entitled Reference of Topic, mainly refutes the so-called non-identified topic. The reference of topic is essentially the identifiable degree of the object signified by the topic and it depends on the concept of intention provided by the topic. The more the intention, the higher the identifiable degree, and vise versa. Hence the referent object by "a/an quantifier" is identifiable.Part Five, entitled Continuity of Topic, mainly deals with the chain of topic, which is both a primary form of clause and fundamental semantic unit of text. Topic chain is formulated by anaphora, which is affected by three factors: the position of the antecedent, the form of the anaphora, and the distance between the antecedent and the anaphora. Topic chain is normally established by the form of zero anaphora whereas it is usually split by the form of noun and pronoun, which is used only under certain special circumstances.Part Six, entitled Independent Clause, mainly discusses its function in text. The clause rarely appears in text in the form of simple sentence, the percentage of which is very low, not higher than 10 percent. The independent clause is more eye-catching than the clause in compound sentence and plays a special role in text. More than half independent clauses act as Introduction, Connection or Conclusion in text, and thus enhance the relevance the relevance of text; the others serve as Supplement, Comment or Exclamation, making up for the insufficiency of Topic chain.Part Seven, entitled Context in Text, mainly explores the contextual factors in text. The matter of context is practically the relevant one between text and context, as well as an issue to apply the factors in text to activate the context so as to reach the goal of communication. Context in text is in fact the linguistic factors which connect objective physical world with subjective spiritual world. The measure of context is the ratio of contextual factors with clauses in text, which reflects the connection betw... |
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