Morality And Human Happiness

In the feilds of both theory and practice, relatioons between morality and happiness is an old problem that is how to approach to the concurrent of morality and happiness, especially to avoid conflict between them, namely how to prevent the conflict between moral behavior and happiness. The problem in essence is a matter of justice, of how to distribute or share happiness among mankind. On solving the problem, the previous scholars have brought fourth a lot of penetrating judgments, but their efforts are confined in two ways which are lack of realism, namely the way of religion and of transcending earthborn, the way of philosophy, of surpassing this life, of Faramita. The front one takes religious belief such as faith of Buddhism and of Christianity as the embodiments; the latter one take Kant's three postulates of realizing "the supreme good" as model. Both of them neglected the role of mankind itself in the process of man's entering the realm of coherence of morality and happiness. This furtherly made them neglect to go into the concrete social conditions or circumstances of the coherence or non-coherence of morality and happiness. In view of the above-mentioned facts, this dissertation, on the basis of the merits and demerits of the forerunners' research, will seek a new way namely a way of earth, of temporality and of this shore to solve this problem. We can with full of self-confidence say that mankind have the capacity of themselves to realize self-regulation by which mankind can realize the adjustment and the optimum of its surroundings by the law of freedom namely the capacity of activities of being voluntary and of being willing and of their free will. So mankind's such capacity can provide the earthly and temporal foundation of coherence of morality and happiness. Following this idea this treatise spread out. Happiness with characteristics of transcending, of unit, of fractals, of otherness, of individual and of society etc is a state of objects or circumtances relating to mankind meeting with mankind's inner measure. All kinds of theory about happiness maybe correct under cercain conditions. We can divide theories of happiness into outlooks of happiness of restraining sensual disires and non-sensual disires, of pessimism and non-pessimism, of wooing-creating and non-wooing-creating and of perfectism and non-perfectism etc according to different criteria. These outlooks themselves are the evidences and achievements of mankind's aftering happiness. Morality in essence is a contradiction unitiy that is constituted by moral norms and virtues. There is typical dialectic relation between moral norms and virtues. The social function of moral norms and virtues lies in moral deeds spung up in certaincircumtences. Both the relation of coherence and that of non-coherence between morality and happiness may exist actually. In some concrete conditions in the part of the coherence of moral norms and happiness, moral norms are one of the essential conditions and also of the public resources of mankind's wooing happiness. Although hi some special and partial and local conditions, there are some unharmonious music tone between moral norms and happiness, the relation between moral norms and happiness is coherence and harmonious biscally and in a long run, and such coherence and harmonious is in direct proportion to the extent of the generalization of moral norms. Between moral norms and happiness the incompatible relation may be produced owing to the property of moral norms, to certain contents of happiness, to given circumstances, to the unharmonious changes between man's inner measure and moral norms, to both the property of moral norms and that of happiness, to the restraining of quantity of happiness, to the structure of personality etc.under certain conditions. The relation of coherence and that of non-coherence between moral norms and happiness transforms to the opposite side may provide a practical way of avoiding the relation of non-coherece between moral norms and happiness. There is a typical non-line...