The Study Of Late Ching's Policy To Overseas Chinese

This paper has systematically observed and studied the changing process of Ching's policy to overseas Chinese in the late Ching Dynasty. It consists of eight parts which are introduction the articles of Chinese workers after 1870s. setting up diplomatic and consular missions Ching's policy to the Coolie Trade Ching government and Overseas Chinese in America Guo SongTao ZhangZhiDong HuangZhunXian XueFuChing's thoughts and activities of defecting overseas Chinese Ching's attracting policy to overseas Chinese in the end Conclusion on Ching's policy to overseas Chinese in the late Ching Dynasty.The introduction has given the academic and immediate significance of the study of Chin's policy to overseas Chinese in the late Ching Dynasty. It has also summarized the study achievements in the past and put forward the writer's thinking and methods of study. Also Ching's policy before 1840 has been introduced.In the second part, it has been observed how Ching government and its officials treated the Chinese going abroad in the period of the Coolie Trade. The viewpoint is that Ching government's attitude proceeded from overlooking to standardization and defection.The third part has observed Ching's attitude to the overseas Chinese workers in Cuba, Peru and South Africa. The conclusion is that Ching government made much concessions under the pressure of big powers when it was handling the matter of overseas Chinese in Cuba and Peru, though Ching was prepared to give defection. When Ching handled the problem of overseas Chinese in South Africa, it cooperated with Britain and gave little concern to the workers.The fourth part has observed the officials' suggestion on setting up diplomatic and consular missions , the try of sending temporary ministers and how the consulates came into being. The viewpoint is that the consulates were the organizations of defecting overseas Chinese andcarrying out Ching's policy to overseas Chinese. The consulates alsa meant æ™…hat Ching began to recruit its people abroad.The fifth and sixth part has observed how the Chinese ministers defected the Chinese in America from 1878 to 1905 and how Ching treated the;movement against American products in 1905. Ching lost little by little its right of defecting Chinese in America. The paper also points out that it was American capitalism institution made the repelling laws came into being and that Ching didn't go against the movement.The seventh part has observed how Gou, Zhang,Huang, Xue defected the overseas,Chinese and summed up their: thoughts of detection.It has been concluded that four of them were the important persons to make Ching's policy change. Gou was the first minister living abroad who created the first-consulate. Zhang was the first official sending his men to visit the Chineseliving on Nan Yang islands. He ;was also the first man who suggested that Ching should help Chinese abroad set up schools. Huang and Xue always helped Chinese abroad when they were abroad. It was their suggestion that made Ching gave up its former law in 1893.The eighth part has observed Ching's policy to attract the capital of Chinese abroad, to defect the Chinese from abroad, to help Chinese abroad develop education, to set up chambers of commerce. The paper points out that Ching got some repays. The canceling of former laws ended the time when Chinese abroad couldn't come home. The policy .to attract capital helped the industry and commerce develop. .The development of education cultivated patriotic feelings of overseas Chinese and speeded up the development of overseas Chinese society. The foundation of foreign chambers of commerce made the rich overseas Chinese support Ching.In the end, the paper points out that Ching's policy to Chinese abroad went through from overlooking to understanding from understanding to defecting from defecting to attracting, showing progress, and that it was national needs and many person's require made the policy change. The change did much good to overseas Chinese society and cultivated patriotic feeli...