Study On Burma Chinese Chamber Of Commerce(The Early 20th Century To The Beginning Of The 1960s)

This paper takes the Burma Chinese Chamber of Commerce as the research object,specifically discusses the background,process and development condition of Burma Chinese Chamber of Commerce's establishment under the development sequence of ancestral home China and Burma society from the early 20th century to the beginning of the 1960s,and investigates the challenges faced by Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the characteristics in the aspects of operation and function at different historical stages.The development history of Burma Chinese Chamber of Commerce is not only both a businessman's own integration and the portrayal of social and political participation,but contains complex variables of historical changes and transformation between China and Myanmar.There are two ways of the Chinese people immigrates into Myanmar since ancient times,which are land route and sea route and are both known as " Overland Chinese "and "Overseas Chinese" respectively.The former constitutes the main body of the Burma Yunnan Chinese,and its early immigration activities are closely related to the development of the traditional Sino-Burmese trade.The latter constitutes the main body of Burma Chinese whom immigrant from Fujian and Guangdong,while its immigration activities started from the British colonial activities to Burma in the middle of the 19th century.Colonial activity in Myanmar.By the early 20th century,the population scale of Burma Chinese society has been expanding continuously and the economic strength has been increasing as well.During the same period,the late Qing government paid more attention to overseas Chinese affairs,and sent ambassadors and established consulates in order to protect and strive for Chinese and its capital.At the beginning of the twentieth century,the Qing government actively set up chambers of commerce in order to set an example for the founding of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce in the South Seas.In this context,the Burma Chinese's "Burma Chinese Chamber of Commerce" and"Burma Chinese Trade Association" emerge at the times require,and have developed into two of the most influential businessmen organizations in Burma Chinese society.The Chinese Chamber of Commerce has established detailed and integrity constitution and formed a bureaucratic organizational structure.In addition,under the institutionalized operation,the Chamber of Commerce's income has institutionalized sources of guarantee and its expenses also have rational rules and arrangement.As a super gang of social organizations,the emergence of Chamber of Commerce has broken the community boundaries among original businessmen because of different industries and different dialects,and becomes the dialogue and communication platform which integrate Chinese business groups.Before World War II,the Chinese Chamber of Commerce plays an important role in industrial and commercial operation of Chinese Chamber of Commerce,and is an important institution of business disputes mediation important institutions in the Chinese folk business.The functions of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce are not only limited to the economic field,its influence has also expanded to a wider range of political and social fields and become the leading body of Chinese society,and promoted internal and external interaction of Burma Chinese in the aspects of political,economic,social and other aspects.In 1942,the invasion of Japan to Burma is the catastrophe of Burma Chinese society,Chinese Chamber of Commerce was forced to dissolve.In 1945,the Japanese retreated in defeat,the British return to Myanmar again.From 1945 to early 1948,during the three years under the British colonial domination,Chinese society entered the restoration stage,where a considerable amount of Chinese newspapers,Chinese schools and Chinese groups started to emerge.And the Chamber of Commerce as well as various Chinese business associations was also reconstructed during this period.Burma Chinese have experienced dramatic changes like other Chinese in Southeast Asia after the war.In the late 1940s,the independence of Burma and the rebirth of China contributed severe modification in both the societies of China and Burma referring countries of residence and ancestral homes,which threw great challenges to Chinese Chamber of Commerce.In 1948,Myanmar achieved independence and entered into the AntiFascist People's Freedom League ruling era(1948-1962).During this period,the Myanmar government implemented the nationalist line which took "Burmese humanization" as the core,so Myanmar's policies on the alien possessed with a strong color of nationalism.Chinese Chamber of Commerce is "business in business",but it is very concerned about the politics.In the face of the challenges of this living environment changes,the Chamber of Commerce strengthens good political relationship with the mainstream society of Myanmar,and participates in the political life of residence country within limits as the representative agency of Chinese community in order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese community-economic interests.The function of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce has its stable side,just as before World War II,the existence of the Chamber of Commerce is social with diverse functions,and is closely correlated with the Chinese politics,economy and social life.China' s after-war political situation was going through a series of dramatic changes.On the ground of that the Chamber of Commerce fell into the dispute of the Chinese political orientations.Especially after the establishment of PRC,the competition of united front between Kuomintang and Communist Party in Burmese society rendered the Chamber of Commerce to face the choice of political position.As the supreme leading body of Chinese associations,the Chamber of Commerce's position on Chinese politics affected the overall direction of China's political stance.After fierce contention,the progressive forces within the Chamber of Commerce dominated.The Chamber of Commerce chose to stand on the side of the PRC and became the representative of the Social Progress force of Burma and China.The choice of the political orientation by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce led the development direction of the Chinese society.The Chamber of Commerce went further and become a strong supporter in terms of publicizing and safeguarding the image of the new China and promoting the Chinese government's overseas work.