| Institutions have the prominent function to promoting society's evolution and the human's development. The academic circles have given high degreed thoughtful of institution. Particularly the institutional economics, the institutional politics and the historical sociology have deeply researched the concrete intension of the different type, different level of structure of institutions, such as the economic institution, political institution, social institution...etc. But it seems that we have not given enough purely rational cognition and re-considering to institution. So it is very necessary and significance to study the institution form the visual field of the philosophy.To bring institution into the philosophic research is to consider "the institution itself" as the studying object in order to abstract a "noumenon of institution" out from different type, realm, level of structure of institution, and to study it from the viewpoints of the epistemology and ontology.1．Firstly the article put forward a philosophic definition of institution. I think that institution is historical existence that has normative meaning (entitative or inentitative). As the resonance between person and person, person and society, it adjusts their relation, and affects their development compulsively. Through this definition we can distinguish the philosophic definition of institution from philosophic, political and other subject's definition of institution in order to establish the basement of researching institution from philosophic viewpoint. This article is one of the attempts of theoretic innovation.2．Base on the definition, the article discussed the essence, construction, function, evaluation of institution, which is origin problem of institution.3．As for the institution's essence, my viewpoint is that institution in essence is a historical category and it changes along with the variety of economic base. Institution has different representations in different social configurations. Institution is also a relational category, which has mediate and integrating function. Institution is still a normal category, which conform the social relation between person and person through constrained stipulation in order to establish the particular social order. In a word, institution has objectivity and staggered character of historical development, and it varieties along with the society's evolution and people's development. So it shows considerable subjective selectivity. 4．After making the essence of institution clear, the article tried setting up a institutional system. The article thinks that institution is in fact a institution in integrated meaning. This doesn't just mean that institution is combined with some regular. Institutional system is composed of four elements——rule, object, idea, carrier. A integrated institutional system has the abilities of realizing itself, or has the possibility at least. This is another tentative innovation of the article.5．As for the function of institution, this article primarily fixes attention on the perfect function of institution, which function the ideal institution can play. From the angle of view, institution has three functions: advancing the society's development, realizing the harmonic development between people and society, realizing the people's free and entire development. In the visual field of philosophy, the core idea of institution is that "institution is the mediation of realizing the people's free and entire development." The article thinks confirming bourn, forming order, providing anticipate, constructing circumstance as the basic approach of realizing the function of institution, which is looked on as the content of institution's function in institutional economics, institutional politic. Certainly, it is need to be explained specially that institution does not always play positive functions in actuality. It usually plays negative function such as baring the development of society, suppressing person's development etc. And this involved the problem o...
|
PDF Full Text Request