A Research On Westernizationists' Thoughts On Enterprise Management In Late Qing Dynasty

This dissertation consists of the "Introduction" and the body, which in turn is made up of nine chapters.The introduction makes a comment on the research work that has been made on the Westemizationists' thoughts on enterprise management. It sums up the achievements of research and points out the inadequacy of what has been done in this field. It introduces the problems that will be dealt with in this dissertation, analyzes the realistic significance of it and points out the basic methods used in writing this dissertation.The body of the dissertation, systematically discussing the thoughts on enterprise management of Westemizationists from various angles, consists of the following nine chapters: the Development of Modem Westemizationist Enterprises, the Organizing of Westemizationist Enterprises, the Decision-making Mechanism in Westemizationist Enterprises, the Marketing Strategy of Westemizationist Enterprises, the Management of Production in Westemizationist Enterprises, the Technological Improvement in Westemizationist Enterprises, the Management of Human Resources in Westemizationist Enterprises, the Management of Finance in Westemizationist Enterprises, and the Westemizationists' Thoughts on the External Environment of the Development of Enterprises.In Chapter One, this dissertation analyzes the motivation of the Westemizationists in setting up enterprises, the nature and characteristics of such enterprises as well as the mode of management and the impact of them. It holds that the Westemizationists established these enterprises to follow the trend of the development of world economy at that time rather than completely being driven by the situation of the country. These enterprises were in nature modem capitalist ones, characterized by theirlarge scale, employment of shareholding system, and variety in methods of operating and managing. It holds that the establishing of Westemizationist enterprises begins the modernization process of China.Chapter Two deals with the thoughts on the organization of Westemizationist enterprises in terms of the capital raising, enterprise interests, and the structure of enterprises. First, it analyzes the different sources of capital of Westemizationist enterprises and comments on them accordingly. Secondly, it points out that the Westemizationist enterprises, due to their feudalist nature, had an obvious tendency of centralization in the organization of enterprise interests. Thirdly, it expounds the basic conception of the structure of Westemizationist enterprises, holding that this conception influences the development of Chinese industry at that time and later.In Chapter Three, this dissertation, on the basis of the three models of decision-making in Westemizationist enterprises, analyzes the Westernizationists' thoughts on enterprise decision-making. It points out the practical results of such thoughts, holding that Westemizationist enterprises lacked vitality due to excessive governmental interference, that these enterprises suffered great loss due to the sentimentalism of high officials in decision-making, and that the "business wars" promoted the further growth of national capitalism.Chapter Four deals with contents and ways of market investigation, market prediction, and marketing methods and strategies. It thinks that Westemizationists thought highly of market investigation and research and discusses the contents and ways of market investigation and research of Westemizationists. With regard to enterprise market prediction, Westemizationists showed a positive attitude toward the enterprises and the market. And then, the dissertation analyzes the three kinds of marketing methods and strategies employed by Westemizationist enterprises, holding that such enterprises, while pursuing governmental support, valued the sales promotion means such as advertisement and valued the encouragement and restraining of sales personnel.Chapter Five discusses the thoughts of Westemizationists on production management in terms of the organizing of production process, the mak...