Knowledge Concept Of Evolution

This article mainly surveys those philosophy concepts through reading the epoch-making philosophers' literatures in philosophy history, and strives to grasp a continuous in part but discrete philosophy history.In terms of the historical partition as antiquity, modern times and post-modern times, I choose Plato, Descartes, Husserl, Foucault as body of evolvement of knowledge concept, and display the philosophy variance from ontology to epistemology then to language philosophy finally to theory of post-modern times. The chapter titles well stand out this switch among allkinds of subjects: Plato's idealism-Descartes' contemplation-Husserl's phenomenology-Wittgenstein's ordinary language philosophy-Foucault's post-modern times' theory.In Plato's philosophy, world is an invisible and pure one surpassing sensory things. Ideal world is a perpetual and free one and the concrete things only are shadows or copies. Knowledge is the memory of soul to idea and soul is perpetual, The highest idea is kindness, which can be obtained only through dialectic. Political ideal is to make all citizens commit themselves to this idea. Plato's idealism paid a substantial role in western philosophy and its spirit was obviously embodied by Descartes and Husserl.Western modern philosophy began with self-reflection on ego or subject, and then philosophy changed from ontology to epistemology. Descartes' I think, then I am is the soul of modern philosophy that was finished by self-reflecting subject. Descartes displayed his perfect system through the way of philosophy proof as doubt-my thinking-Lord-material world, and made introduction to Husserl's phenomenology.Husserl called himself a Descartesiam. His goal was that, by revivification similar to Descartes' doubt method, Descartes' independent soul entity changed into an infinite and logical transcendental ego. So, he backdated the whole modern philosophy from Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, and finally arrived his phenomenology. He thought his phenomenology was the certain and strict science about pure consciousness and was the utterly truth. He hoped all philosophy should search the final sense from his phenomenology, and the positivism based on prosperity of science was a misshapen concept, which should be discarded thoroughly. Husserl's is not only excellence but also an end to the subject philosophy.Wittgenstein, the first person who sang elegiacs for traditional philosophy, utilized daily language to die out philosophy and thought that philosophy misapplied language and philosophy should keep everything as its status quo. Moreover, there are not philosophical senses in core concepts of traditional philosophy, such as knowledge and truth. There are not universal definitions except for utilities in the language games. Positivism who thought that sense and experience be exclusively related to the proposition became impossible solipsism, this is because sense and experience can be reduced in actual languages. "I" is not a name and does not indicate the ego, but is used very concretely in daily life. Authority of the subject in recognizable activities was damaged and metaphysical basis of Descartes went out too.With the emergency of Foucault's post-modern philosophy, traditional philosophy was buried thoroughly. Foucault investigated the marginal phenomena, such as madness, illness, crimeand sex, and their history from the views of archeology and genealogy in order to eliminate the center of western traditional cultures. He reformed the western thoughts via the concept of the type of cognition and declaimed the death of person to express the termination of traditional thoughts. He animadverted on the thought of traditional non-utilitarian knowledge, which narrated by initiatory campaign via disclosing the impartibility of power and knowledge. Knowledge is produced socially and related with power; policy of power engendering knowledge. Thereupon the eternal unified egos, which are earlier than all social activities, are de-structured. The egos were not...