Difficult Modernization Process

The Enlightenment in China was a large society project. From the Wu Xu Reform to the May Fourth Movement and the emancipation trend of mind in the New Stage, thoughts of the mass were lead to form relatively intact movement, which was inhibited constantly during the process under general mobilization of modernity made by the intellectual elites. As a hard core of the enlightening discourse system, literature participated actively in the history's thought portray and experienced a difficult modern transformation. As one of the basic mission in the human spirit's history, the pith of the Enlightenment is a mode of thinking with initiative self-query at any time, just like Kant's saying: to understand bravely! and also like Foucault's alertness that we must keep doubt of ourselves when the rational was under maturity. It should be the modernity's connotation too. From this angle, the Enlightenment in China didn't manifest a revolution of mode of thinking at first, but coped with outside's challenges. The transformation of subject's consciousness lagged behind the form of renovation expression. It became the main contradiction that restricted Chinese 20th century literary modernization.The prelude of the Wu Xu Reform was opened in the atmosphere of confused order resulted from the Occident civilization's invasion. Scholar-bureaucrat character made the first-generation enlightening subject more anxious and nervous under the west pressure. They couldn't surpass the inherent cultural arrogance sense. The enlightening policy which was "opposing the tradition by the tradition, and obtaining the tradition by anti-tradition " appeared thorough yield to the traditional authority. Whether opposing the traditional thoughts with traditional literary patterns or obtaining traditional norms with anti-traditional spirits, the colloquialism movement and the three-bound literary reform at the end of the Qing Dynasty obviously appeared to be impatient for success in fluster and awkward. Liang Qichao's novel named "The Tale of the New Chinese future" started the "reforming nationality "topic in Chinese New Literature. However, the digression and the absurdity between the tradition and modern consciousness implied a fact that the foundation of literary modernization's enlightening discourses baffled the developmental possibilities during its own development.The enlightening resources of the Wu Xu Reform impulsed the literary transformation exteriorly, but the May Fourth New Culture Movement deepened it to be an internality drive. The modern critical intellectuals who pursued independent personality had grown into a new generation enlightening subject. They queried everything inexistence boldly by deep and repentant cultural original-sin consciousness. The enlightening strategy of overall introspecting tradition was based on the rationality tribunal. The "Humanity Literature" struggled hard to free itself from auxiliary tool manifested as a salvation appearance, and began to make a conversion in itself sense. None but the May Fourth literary period was full of ultimate questions and philosophy studies showing the independent thinking which were involved in various life problems. Whether it revealed sufferings to arise the salvation notice, behaving self boldly, or expressing various depressions, it was full of thirsts for save or to be saved. Along with the innovation of colloquialism writing language, all kinds of styles obtained a great development. New write themes, manifestation patterns and art manners facilitated a new literary inside situation. The enlightening discourse system construction of the May Fourth Movement had been accomplished. It took on a duplicate melody which included the revolutionary enlightenment, the cultural enlightenment, the thought enlightenment, the aesthetic enlightenment and the philosophy enlightenment. " The True Story of Ah Q" epitomized the discourse of "reforming nationality" . "The means of winning a psychological victory" in it which expresses the human limitations in Chinese culture, settl...