Liling County Rural Grass-roots Political Power Construction Of Research (1949-1957)

The periods of the Republic of China, there were two difficult problems of power construct of Kuomintang in Liling. One was the financial press aroused by a long time war among warlords, the other was soviet movement of CCP imperil in the twenties. Therefore, KMT attempted to transfer state power through two channels. In the system level, it established the District's and village organization. At the same time, in order to strengthen controlling strongly in the grass-roots level of country society, it established various anti-bandit organizations. The organizations, such as clearing up-country band, keeping-public order groups, keep-watching groups, standing-groups etc, were made to militarize the power of grass-roots level. KMT carried out Bao-Jia system to strengthen controlling country society at the grass-roots level. KMT was puzzled to settle tension which existed between Bao-Jia organize and peasant autonomy. The true intention of making Bao-Jia involved in the autonomy, was to consolidate country power. In fact, the autonomy was just a fig leaf. However, the practice of transferring power appeared involution as Prasenjit Duara said, whose reason was personnel at the grass-roots level still coming from the former country force. Thus, in general, the country power construction of KMT didn't succeed.After the peaceful liberation of Li Ling County, CCP needed mobilize and rebuild in country society as a normative and stranger. At the beginning, it smashed traditional force in old country by the imposing grains levies to support the front, dual decreasing and oppose local despots, reduction of rents for land and return deposits etc, the Bao-Jia system became feeble and died. Then, CCP accomplished founding political construction by democracy and delimiting countryside. In the process, poor peasant and farm laborers, who located at the bottom of country society, were launched. Social culture network belong to the former clan and family was broken. Thus, country power transferred to countryside. On the base, to break inhere social structure and relations deeply, CCP launched the Land Reform and the Suppressing Anti-revolution Movement. In the process, CCP regarded peasant association as an organizational carrier to affiliate and launch peasants. It actually became a leading body during the country's social innovation. At the same time, Work team of land reform practiced launching 'san-tong' route including eat, reside, work together, to strengthen contact with peasant straightly. In the social mobilization, they adopted various methods. So, there were the most profound changes in county's society. As follows, It was to build class-consciousness and strengthen concepts of power for peasant by public accusation meeting and meeting for pouring out grievances. Itrebuilt new power network and social relations of country society by class division. Thus, class origin and economic status took place of former standard of country's authority which based on episteme, aptness, belongings, credit. As a result, there were a lot of active and backbone of poor peasants and farm labors who enthusiastically answered to the Party and government's calling. They ascended new force in country's society gradually through communion with cadre and exercise in the Land Reform movement. Therefore, Land Reform movement not only transferred country power by mobilizing peasant, but also recombined country society to a great degree and resumed country economy graduallyAfter CCP put forward interim period theory, the direction of country power construction changed. Party determined to change peasant who was depended and mobilized. In order to accomplish socialist transform for peasant and deracinate capitalist soil in country, Party called up peasant "to organize up". Hence, socialist discourse gradually became artery and strong in country, and power construction route transferred to realize dicatatorship of proletariate from emphasizing several class unite in new democracy creed."To organize up" was to induct and organize peasant to go...