The Historical Development Of Subjectivity

Philosophy reflects the essence of Zeitgeist so the issues of philosophy always have the distinguished characteristics of its era. When the humans enter into the 21st century, we enjoy the extremely rich materials as well as encountering ecological catastrophe, menace of nuclear warfare, isolate in human relationship and other adverse effect on modernization. Thus, the issue of subjectivity which as a sustention of modernization and ideology begins to emerge. One hand, subjectivity has gained all the possibilities nowadays. But on the other hand, subjectivity fell into different kinds of troubles with the enlargement of its meaning. Some Chinese scholars published many papers about how to research the issue of subjectivity. Though their minds are very different, they still persist in the issue of subjectivity itself. Demonstrative repetition about the issue of subjectivity inheres in Marxism philosophy. Therefore, it is useless to strike back effectively some post-modern announcements about "dusk of subjectivity"or "desert the subjectivity"if we keep on at the inherent "there qualities "or 'four ones". Say nothing of solving cotemporary humans'puzzles about the issue of subjectivity. So we should change the perspective to research. We can see through all the debates about the issue of subjectivity if we are established in Marxism philosophy. No matter how, they still rest on "explaining world", however, the key is to change this world. This dissertation will try out changing a new way that focuses on the realistic or historical development of subjectivity in order to understand the theory of subjectivity better and master the intrinsic minds of Marxism. Because of the lack of historical dimensionality, traditional philosophy has a transcendent understanding about the subjectivity. They think subjectivity has an eternal quality that cannot change with the history. Traditional philosophy completely ignored the development of subjectivity with humans'practice when it used a resting, superhistorical and ontological minds to illustrate the subjectivity. In their opinion, subjectivity is a kind of transcendent, absolutely, close and superhistorical existence. Apparently, this kind of subjectivity cannot be the practical power of changing the world. Therefore traditional philosophy fell into the academic difficulty because of its superhistorical thinking. Facing this kind of academic difficulty, Marx animadverted the understanding of subjectivity within traditional philosophy. Marx changed the way of expatiating subjectivity that was from explaining world to changing world. Namely, from "what is subject "to "how to become the true subject". Marx disclosed the historical development of subject through humans'historical practice. It is Marx that gave a reasonable explanation about subjectivity that puzzled the western philosophers for about one thousand years. When we review the conditions about the historical subjectivity concretely, we can have a better understanding about its significance. Firstly, the historical development of subjectivity has a basis on practicing. With the extension of producing and communicating, subjectivity began to establish and develop historically. Secondly, the historical development of subjectivity cannot be accomplished one time. It must experience a self-negative course. Comparing with the three kinds of existence of human which includes natural existence, self-conscious existence and free existence, subjectivity has also three periods which includes natural community subjectivity, self-conscious personal subjectivity and free species subjectivity. There is a sort of beneficial and dynamic relationship between the development of subjectivity and historical development. The development of subjectivity is an endless historical course. But within a specific history, the development of subjectivity has a relatively stability. With the historical development of subjectivity, humans sublime himself. But, once human lost the reasonable criterion to develop his subjectivity, human will fall into the trouble of alienation and lost self-control. Modern philosophers realized the limitation and tried to explain subjectivity with developing way, however, they put this kind of development into irrational world but historical and realistic world. Therefore, this development...