On The Immigrants From Korea And The Expansion Of Paddy Fields In Northeast China In Modern Times

Our country is not only one that turns out a large amount of rice but also the place of origin of rice cultivation. As a result, the study on the history of paddy fields is always paid great attention to by the academic circles studying agricultural history. Since modern times, the Northeast China has gradually developed into the main rice production area in northern China. And rice has become one of the major cereal crops in that region which is also a new production base for high-quality rice in China. People of various nationalities in Northeast China have accumulated rich experience of rice cultivation in the long-term practice. Thus the technology of rice cultivation in frigid zones, which has regional characteristics, came into being. One of the most important features of the expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China is that the immigrants from Korea played a special role. They brought with them the technology of expanding paddy fields and growing rice at high latitudes and accumulated a wealth of experience for rice plantation in frigid zones in the practice in Northeast China. The study has great academic value and practical meaning. It summarizes the experience of opening up paddy fields at high latitudes and fills the gap in the fields at high latitudes and fills the gap in the field of rice production history in our country. The immigration from Korea to Northeast China began at the end of Qing dynasty and reached its peak in the period of the Republic of China. At the same time, the Korean nationality of China came into being. The expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China also started at the end of Qing dynasty and went into all-round developing period in the time of the Republic of China. So this period is significant in the history of the immigration from Korea the emergence of the Korean nationality in China, the expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China, and introducing and Spreading the technology of rice plantation in frigid zones. Centered on the Korean immigrants'opening up paddy fields in Northeast China during that period, this paper provides a systematic study on the historical background, the migration process and the regional distribution of the immigrants, on the local government's policies and measures to ward the expansion on the expansion and layout of paddy fields in different regions, and on the immigrants'technology and management of rice cultivation, trying to throw light on the history of the Korean immigrants'opening up paddy fields in Northeast China in modern times. As it is an innovative study in this field, the paper has made and effort to collect and sort out all the correlative materials, especially excavated and made use of the primitive records of Northeast China and the historical documents of neighborhood countries. In order to enhance the scientific value of the study, I the paper conducted quantity analysis and regional research on the process of the immigration from Korea and the expansion of paddy fields, and made case study and thorough analysis of the historical background. The paper provides an overall study of the expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China in modern times from the Korean immigrants'points of view. The paper is composed of seven chapters. The main points of each chapter are as follows: Chapter One: At the end of Qing dynasty (1860-1910), when the Qing government forsook the policy of blockading on Northeast China, Some peasants in Korea, who had suffered from the natural disasters, migrated one after another into the borderland of China on the opposite bank of Tumen River and Yalu River, and joined in the tide of opening up the borderland in Northeast China. Thus they raised the curtain in the history of the expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China in modern times. Chapter two: A large number of immigrants from Korea migrated to Northeast China during the Period of the Republic of China. The main reasons are:(1) Japan's colonial rule and economic plunder made many Koreans go into exile. (2) The unprecedented high tide of immigration and opening up borderlands since the beginning of the Republic of China provided favorable opportunities as well as broad lands for the migration. (3) As Japan's agricultural capital was invested into Northeast China, some Korean immigrants were recruited to cultivate paddy fields, which also led to the migration. (4) since the end of Qing dynasty, the old feudal rural economics desegregated gradually and new-style rural economics developed at a high speed ,such as ,landlord economics, farmer economics, farming and animal husbandry companies, etc. The new economics had an enlarged demand for laborers, whichimproved its capacity of taking in immigrants, and it provided wonderful social economical surroundings for the migration and settlement of the immigrants. Chapter Three: After the combination of Japan and Korea in 1910, the conditions of the immigration are : the number of the immigrants from Korea increased rapidly in Yanbian district which became the largest area where the immigrants from Korea lived in compact communities; the number of Korean immigrants in Yalu River valley increased slowly; most of the Korean immigrants in Fengtian province went along Anfeng railway line to the midwest; the number of the immigrants in Jilin province increased faster than that in Fengtian province; the middle and northeast parts of Jilin province became big compact regions of the immigrants except Yianbian district; the number also increased remarkably in the north part of Northeast China. Chapter Four: The local authorities in Northeast China made policies to lower the price of the low-lying lands that nobody claimed, which gave impetus to the expansion of paddy fields. The local authorities also paid great attention to the building of water conservancy projects. Such as irrigation department were founded in Fengtian province. A series of rules and regulations were made to promote rice cultivation in Jilin province. Peasants who could cultivate rice were recruited in Heilong Jiang province. In order to settle the conflicts between the immigrants from Korea and the landlords and peasants of China during the opening up, the local government in Northeast China issued a series of regulations to mediate the conflicts, which guaranteed the immigrants'interests. Chapter Five: Following the footsteps of the immigrants form Korea the expansion of paddy fields in Northeast China was in full swing. In Fengtian province, the opening up was mainly concentrated on the plains in the middle part, and had reached certain scale in the mountain area in the east and in the dry area of the west. Adjoining the Korean peninsula, Jilin province became the first choice of the Korean immigrants. By the 1920s, there had been several rice production regions such as Yanbian, Changchun, the middle reaches of Songhua River, Mudan River Valley, Sanjiang plain, etc. The old Heilongjiang province located to the west of Songhua River. Since it is cold and dry, not many Korean immigrants lived there. It was not until the 1920s that the Korean immigrants came across Songhua River, migrated gradually to the north and west in succession, and opened up paddy fields that had never been used for rice cultivation. The Korean immigrants'opening up paddy fields in the remote area of Heilongjiang province marked the fully developing stage of the...