A Study On The Two-way Linkage Effect Of Shandong Immigrants In Northeast China Between 1860-1931

Since the Shunzhi period,"Chuang Guandong" made the Northeast become the main area of immigration in modern times.However,the Northeast had once forbidden Guan people to leave the customs due to policy restrictions.In the ten years of Xianfeng(1860),the Qing government decided to open the Shanhaiguan Gate and lift the blockade of the Northeast China.This led to a large number of immigrants in Guannei to move to the northeastern region,forming the largest immigration wave in modern history,known as "Chuang Guandong".Among these immigrants,Shandong immigrants have the largest scale and the longest duration.They have a far-reaching and significant impact on the modernization process of Northeast China in modern times.Since the opening of the ban,many reasons have forced immigrants to leave their homes and villages.This article will try to make a comprehensive investigation.In modern Shandong,natural disasters such as droughts and floods,combined with man-made disasters caused by wars and bandits,have made life extremely difficult for the people,who are unable to solve the most basic problem of food and clothing,and have to find a new way out.In modern times,Northeast China has a favorable physical and geographical environment,but its population is scarce and labor force is scarce.Moreover,Shandong is close to Northeast China,and its climate is similar.After arrival,migrants can adapt to it.Northeast China naturally becomes the preferred place for Shandong immigrants.However,because Shandong is a traditional Confucian and Mencius hometown,it is not acceptable to leave the native land and leave the other side at the beginning.However,with the increase of immigration,the traditional concept of "resettlement" has also changed.After the ban was lifted,the government issued documents to encourage immigrants,and the railway was opened to traffic,which formed a wave of immigrants who "Chuang Guandong".The event of Shandong immigration to the Northeast in modern times had a vital impact on both Shandong and northeast China.For Shandong area,the large number of people movedout,which alleviated the pressure of contradiction between people and land in Shandong province and helped to change the current situation of poverty in Shandong Province in modern times.Most of the immigrants from Shandong province who first came to the Northeast picked up their old skills and chose to plant land to ensure that the food in the Northeast could not only be self-sufficient,but also created conditions for the food export in the northeast,which helped Shandong solve the food problem temporarily.The problem of scarcity has provided raw materials for Shandong's development of agriculture,industry and commerce,has closely linked Shandong with the Northeast,and has led to the development of coastal ports in Shandong.For the Northeast,the impact of immigration is also everywhere.First of all,immigrants have improved the situation of sparse population in Northeast China,promoted the exchange and integration of various nationalities in Northeast China,and contributed to the consolidation and garrison of the frontier;secondly,most of the immigrants are engaged in agricultural production,making Northeast China a veritable commodity grain base;lastly,immigrants are engaged in a wide range of professions,which also promotes the development of various industries in Northeast China and drives many cities.The rise of towns.The historical event of "Chuang Guandong" has rich cultural significance in the hearts of the people of the two places.The spirit of "Chuang Guandong" formed by this event is worth inheriting and developing in the hearts of the people of Shandong and the people of Northeast China.