The Flag Of Nationalism

It was Nationalism, a trend of political thought being spread from the west to China at the point of 19^th -20^th century, which strongly affected the political Reformation and Revolution in the modern China.Chinese intellectuals generally regarded the Nationalism as a trend of rescuing China from collapse , a leading theory to build a modern state and a power to mobilize the people,though it was only a west theory on nation—state building .Traditional China is not a western nation—state but a civilization system and an empire consisted of multi—nations, in which it must split the political order and destroy the multi—nations construction to disseminate nationalism. China not only succeeded escaping from a collapse the Empire encountered, but also kept a strong continuity on the territory and the traditional order from Qing Dynasty to the Republican China which challenged the validity of nationalism principle.In this dissertation, surveying the Chinese nationalism movement and the state structural transformation ,the author dwells on the factors which affected the process of transformation of modern china, such as foreign powers among china , geopolitics , nationalism revolution and the state rebuilding. In order to realize the aim, the author adopt researching apporaches of the history of politicis ,history of ideas ,diplomacy and sociology . In this dissertation ,the author draws a conclusion that reasons of the surviving of The Celestial Empire are two : (1) China was admitted as a nation—state by the foreign powers in china ; (2) China won bigger room maneuvered which was due to the great efforts made by the Officers of the Qing Dynasty in the dangerous situation of the sharp international competition .During this transformation period, the position of China in the world worsen and the process of Chinese modernization fallen into the sphere of Japanese hegemony for the nationalism revolution, thought it was a enormous power. Nationalism brought China not integrity and cohesion but splitness and weakness which subjected China to a long time transmutation and made China suffer endless bully and humiliation , what's more, led the Legitimate crisis deepen and led China fall into long time Revolutions during the whole transformation period .This dissertation consists of three chapters. In Chapter 1, the author studies the history of Cut—the Chinese melon after the 1894 Sino—Japan War and the international situation that Chinese nationalism was prevailed . In Chapter 2, the author classifies the Chinese nationalism to two patterns, the one against Emperialism, the other opposite Qing Dynasty before The 1911 Revolution of China and after it. In Chapter 3, the author pays attention to the political effect of nationalism movement which the Revolution Party of China appealed for aid from Japan during The first World War, especially, Japan coerced China into accepting The 21 demands, which indicated that The Revolution Party of China accepted nationalism not as a political principle to believed in ,but a tactics to seize powers. Nationalism movement brought China a series of disaster.