The Research Of Modern Chinese Intellectual Understanding, Accepting And Refusing The French Revolution Of1789(1840-1919)

This thesis is to study modern Chinese intellectual circles, especially reformers, constitutionalists, revolutionists and the New Culture School, to construct,accept and refuse the knowledge of the French Revolution of1789from1840to1919.It discusses three aspects deeply: First, through analyzing the conflicts of the power of revolutionary discourses between Western and China, the discourses of the French Revolution of1789constructed by modern Chinese intellectual circles consistently broke through the hegemony of the Chinese traditional revolutionary discourses. And it got the powerful position in modern revolutionary discourses. Second, through analyzing the evolution of revolutionary thoughts, the discourses of the French Revolution of1789constructed by modern Chinese intellectual circles mainly experienced four stages:The French Revolution of1789under the traditional revolution, the paradox of the French Revolution of1789, the French Revolution of1789under the tool reason and the French Revolution of1789under the cultural ideas.It objectively promoted the changes of revolutionary subjects, revolutionary ethnic values and revolutionary ideals. Third, from the views of the interaction between society and ideas, the social changes from1840to1919, especially the changes of social powers influenced the knowledge of the French Revolution of1789constructed, accepted and refused by modern Chinese intellectual circles. Conversely, those ideas boosted the social development during1840and1919.Chapter Ⅰ——The chapter introduces the research basis and defines the concept of "revolution". It summarizes its academic research achievements and illustrates theoretical and practical significance. Emphatically introduce main contents and methods. And introduce the innovations and drawbacks.Chapter Ⅱ——The chapter studies the French Revolution of1789spread from1840to1894.It discusses the Chinese social background of spreading the French Revolution of1789, for example, the invasion of western countries and the changes of internal affairs. And it analyzes modern Chinese intellectual circles, especially focusing on "Jinshi" School and Westernization Group, how to construct the views of the French Revolution of1789under the influence of traditional revolutionary ideas. Finally, it illustrates the new changes of revolutionary ideas after the Westernization Movement.ChapterⅢ——The chapter studies the French Revolution of1789constructed,accepted or refused by reformers and constitutionalists.It analyzes emphatically the French Revolution of1789constructed by Timothy Richard and its effects. It differentiates objectively the viewpoint——Kang Youwei stimulated Emporer Guangxu to reform through the French Revolution of1789constructed by him. It examines deeply the French Revolution of1789constructed by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, which to justify rescuing Emporer Guangxu after the emperor heir in1899. It discusses objectively constitutionalists to construct the French Revolution of1789repeatedly. Finally, it focuses on the effects of the French Revolution of1789constructed by reformers and constitutionalists.Chapter V——The chapter studies the French Revolution of1789constructed, accepted or refused by revolutionists. It analyzes the background of the new views of the French Revolution of1789constructed by revolutionists.the background was a general decline of the Qing government power after the Boxer Uprising. Such decline of government power mainly embodied three aspects. First, the foundation of the Qing government legitimacy was destroyed. Second, the local forces challenged central authority. Third, the reform of the imperialist examinations system in the late Qing Dynasty made the new intellectuals rise. It retrospects the French Revolution of1789constructed by Japanese intellectual circles and analyzes emphatically the French Revolution of1789completely constructed by revolutionists and viewed as a Chinese revolutionary model. Finally, it studies the similarities and differences between the French Revolution of1789and the Chinese Revolution of1911and get inspirations from it.ChapterVI——The chapter studies the rise of modern social Chinese revolution and the change of revolutionary model. It discusses what the spirit of the French Revolution of1789brings in the Republic of China. Then it analyzes how the October Revolutions in Russia take the place of the French Revolution of1789as a new Chinese revolutionary model under the new background.Conclusion——The final part is to summarize the four stages of modern Chinese intellectual circles constructing, accepting and refusing the French Revolution of1789,and analyze the characters embodied in each stage. It sums up how the views of the French Revolution of1789constructed by them affect Chinese social transformation...