Modern Northeast Immigration And Social Change (1860 ~ 1931)

The migration from inside Shanhaiguan Pass to the northeast is one of the longest-scale shifts of population in China's history in modern times. It can be called "an unprecedented event on a large scale in modern history". It has the far-reaching significance on the history course in the northeast. Thus, the migration in the northeast traditionally is a noticeable and big problem in the field of population and society history. The research on the migration in the northeast has been started in the early 20th century. There have been high-qualified achievements in research coming out through the century, but the research on the migration in the northeast is still very weak and contributes a little. Most of these achievements are scattered ones. So far, there isn't any whole and systematic monograph concerning the migration in the northeast being published. The scholars mostly focus on the narration of the past facts in those achievements. The specialized explorations on the interactions between the migrant and northeastern society are rare to read. Therefore, it has academic value and realistic significance to deeply explore the relations between migrant and the changes in the northeastern society based on the process of the migration. On the basis of lots of Chinese and Japanese materials, this dissertation reviews the social and historical backgrounds, courses, trend characteristics and properties of the migration movement in this period (1860-1931) by means of the theories and methods in history, demography, linguistics, sociology and statistics, etc. Moreover, the dissertation purposely explores the interactions between migrants and politics, economics and culture in the northeastern society to complement and deepen the research on migration in the northeast.Introduction, first section, second section and conclusion are included in this dissertation.First part: introduction. The research subjects are defined in this part. The achievements on migration in the northeast in modern times are systematically concluded and evaluated. Furthermore, value of the selected topic, survey of the materials, research methods, general framework and novelties are elaborated.Second part: first section. Five chapters are included. The historical courses of the evolvement of migration in the northeast in modern times are mainly mentioned based on the review to migration in the northeast in the early and mid-period of Qing Dynasty. The causes, characteristics and properties of migration in the northeast in modern times are explored.Third part: second section. Three chapters are included. The relations between migrant in modern times and social changes in the northeast are mainly discussed. Politically, because of migration movement, the dual managing system of bannerman and the Han people, formed in the early years of Qing Dynasty, gradually is replaced by the single managing system of province. Therefore administration system in northeast is integrated into inland. Economically, the migrants spreads the advanced agricultural techniques and speeds up land exploration and agricultural development in the northeast and commodity grain base is primarily formed. Agricultural development prospers handicraft industry and commerce and modern towns spring up at large. Culturally, because of the arrival of migrants, languages, characters and folk customs in the northeast variates, promotes the communication and integrity between Han and local minority, as well as strengthens the national solidarity. As a result, the cultural situation in the northeast nearly parallels with inland.Last part: conclusion. The relations between migrants and social changes in the northeast are mainly concluded. The immigration in bulk shortens the gap of population location between inland and northeast, perfects the administrative set-up in the northeast, powers the nation's control, solids the frontier, accelerates the exploration of the land, brings the shift of agriculture from tradition to modern. With the variation of culture in the northeast, a new kind of culture with the characteristic ofmigration------New Northeast Culture is formed. Pioneering spirit of going ahead boldly to Northeast iscrucial to the prosperity of the northeast. Meanwhile, migration produces the side effects to the northeast society such as rampant bandits, prevalence of prostitutes, growing groups of beggars and damage of ecological environment. It is not the main stream of the society, but it can not be ignored.