Dialectic Thought In The Context Of Kant's Philosophy

This paper puts forward that it is Kant who firstly recovers our cognition toward dialectic for modern philosophy. Meanwhile he studies dialectic by the numbers for the first time. Though always famous the Hegel's thought of dialectic was, his insight toward it only been limited to one point: the affect of dialectic. Then he widely applied this point to everything infinitely. Such extension for the dialectic shades the essence of dialectic. It made negative influence for the later ages' study of dialectic more or less. Thereby we confuse dialectic with contradiction. It make us don't know what antinomy the dialectic is at all times. This paper thinks that only returning to Kantism which didn't been influenced by such confusion, can we change this condition. Kant used the term dialectic in its original meaning of ancient Greek philosophy, and that he also developed his study of dialectic in the problem field of ancient Greek philosophy. Through Kantian research, we will see the essence of dialectic shaded for long. At the same time, Kant didn't been influenced by positive thought of dialectic since Hegel. So his certain thought wasn't perfect yet. Although returning to Kantism this paper is, it do not scrupulously abide by his discuss, but towards his way of thought, then go deep into the problem. Therefore, this paper is not a study of Kantian thought of dialectic ,but a study of the thought of dialectic in the view of Kantism.This paper concentrates on three aspects: What is the genuine form of dialectic? What cause the dialectic? How can we resolve the problem of dialectic, and such solution can bear what for us?Firstly, let's see the first one: What is the genuine form of dialectic? Kant called dialectic the logic of illusion, because in his opinion, the misuse of reason ability makes the dialectic. And such misuse will make illusion. There are two tapes of the misuse of reason ability: unnatural misuse and natural misuse. The former just is a logical problem we needn't notice on; while the latter is a profound philosophical problem which Kant was dead beat for. In Kant's opinion, reason itself has a metaphysic tropism. Then the reason inclines to request the absolute totality of the unconditioned for the condition has been given, accordingly goes beyond the limit of experience making the misuse naturally. Here, the reason lost touchstone makes the illustration.But this paper thinks that Kantian thesis had not hit the root of dialectic in fact, as the cause of dialectic is not only a misuse. Kant had pointed for us that our ability of reason include two aspect: the reason as cognitive ability is speculative reason, which only has an immanent use, namely it only can be used in the limit of experience; the one as will ability is practical reason, which only has a transcendent use, namely it must break through the limit of experience. In fact, the antinomy between immanent use and transcendent use which two sorts of reason represent is the dialectic. This paper deems that it is the essential form of dialectic. The misusing form of dialectic just made by it: the two purpose of reason go beyond each inherent one. So the misusing form of dialectic has different representation in different reason: the speculative reason which should be used immanently is used transcendently; in practical reason, the reason which must break through the limit of experience does not break through it. We can see through discussion of this paper that such explain for dialectic should be more to the question and complete than Kant's.Secondly, let's see the second one: What cause the dialectic? As Kant had come the dialect down to the misuse of reason ability, so the misuse was the cause of the dialectic in his opinion. But neither we agree with Kant's views for the dialectic, nor we accept the cause he pointed. We can see the two use of reason make the essential dialectic. Well then we question closely the cause of dialectic equal to why the reason has such two uses? Actually, Kant had hit this question more or less. His statements can be as a sort of answer: we can able to recognize phenomenon but thing-in-itself forever. We can easy deduce from it that we do not be able to recognize truth at all, that our cognition only have validity in certain limit of experience at most. Such validity embodies our happiness ultimately. So the cognitive ability of reason obeys our happiness. But our free will does not allow us held down by such empirical -validity. So the (advanced) will ability of reason run counter to the happiness, it just is virtue. It is obvious that the localization of speculative reason is the main cause of dialectic. Through revealing the cause, we can see that the dialectic of reason's two uses behave the dialectic between happiness and virtue.T.S.Kuhn's theory of Paradigm was awake of the localization of our cognitive ability of reason. It is a evidence which scientific field provides for us. At the same time, this paper also discusses two types which derive from the localization of our cognitive ability of reason.Finally, let's see the third one: How can we resolve the problem of dialectic, and...