Cultural Diversity, Political One,

The main subject of this article is multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is an influential political theory in western academia. It based on a principle that no culture is considered superior or inferior to any other; there is merely different between cultures. Multiculturalism emphasizes the significance of cultural identity of minority groups and demands main society to recognize the difference and cultural identity of minority groups. In the multiculturalist's opinion, difference-blind cultural assimilation and universal equality is the main reason of the disadvantageous position of the minority group. In order to realize full development and make minority groups take part in political and economic life adequately, multiculturalists suggest endowing differentiated-citizenship with minority groups and putting "politics of difference" into practice. The appearance of multiculturalism is inevitable because multiculturalism has a long time theory accumulation. It follows the pluralism tradition of Vico, Montesquieu and herder, and formed based on the theory of liberal nationalism of Berlin. In the practice, it is the result of new social movement.Multiculturalism includes two main subjects. One is suggesting main society recognizing the significance of cultural identity of minority groups. Multiculturalism argues that culture plays a crucial role in person's liberty and welfare, for it is culture that provides the resources of which an autonomous and valuable life can be constructed. Preservation of cultural identity is important to their freedom and welfare; minority groups should retain their cultures' independence and integrality. The other is suggesting main society endowing ethnic minorities with differentiated-citizenship and constructing "politics of difference". Multiculturalism condemns western country, as a free society that provides equal opportunity, not pays attention to the cultural difference of cultural identity of ethnic minority and can't guarantee equal outcome to them. It indicates it is unequal that majority attains rights and benefits easily whereas minorities will pay much more efforts than them because of their differenced cultures, thus minority groups are in a disadvantageous position actually. Only differentiated-citizenship and "politics of difference" can remedy this inequality. Therefore, multiculturalism suggests western government recognizing the differences of ethnic minorities, adopting ideas of multiculturalism of "politics of difference", endowing with them differentiated-citizenship and achieving really equality ultimately.