Study Of Rule Of Virtue & Its Realization System

Reading the history of the political thought and political practice in the East and the West, we found that the virtue play a very important role. Virtue can be showed as the content for the ruling class to enlighten their people by education or the claims to the moral spirits of social systems of the ruling class. The close relation exists between ethics and politics, in the views of Marxism, originated in that both of them belongs to the specified economic base upon the superstructure, they are determined by the economic base as well as bring about the active role to the economic base. Hereby, rule of virtue is a universal political phenomenon in the class society. We hold that, rule of virtue refers to social governance that ruling classes maintain and safeguard social order with moral values through the state power. Materialistic view of history scientifically revealed that the developing prospect of the human society is a free and all-round human development association. In this developing process of human society which is pushed forward by productive forces, mankind will cast off yokes and shackles which are brought by the nature and society step by step, and win the freedom of real human beings, and lead lives which are harmonious with the laws of nature. Each improvement in culture is also an improvement toward the freedom. Both the politics and ethics are the components as general conception of the culture. On the one hand, they advance with the development of the productive force and the relations of production; on the other hand, they play a positive role to the productive force and the relations of production. Politics in which state power play a key role, indicates relations among classes and relations which affect overall situation among the people themselves; the purpose of political activities is to alleviate contradictions, and control the conflictions to maintain social order. The basis of the virtue is self-discipline of human spirits, it reveals the orientation of the value of the subject spiritual structure and the infinitude upward; as thought existence, ethics is determined by the economic base, in class society, it essentially is the reflection of the benefits and wills of the 2ruling classes. Thereby, in the macro-view of human development, both politics and ethics are the driving factors for the human of the all-round development. In the specified period of history, both the ethics and the politics are the basic means to rule and govern the society and protect the common benefits of the ruling classes. The socialist states are the highest types in human history in that the working people are the state owners. The states is not the machine for the exploiting classes to rule the working people, but the tool for the working people to develop the productive force, avoid the polarization and lead well-to-do lives commonly. Accompanied with the deep transformations in economic base and political superstructure, the ethics has changed in essence; the moral system of the socialism has been established, it takes the "serving the people"as the core, take the collectivism as the principle, take the loving motherland, people, labor, science and socialism as the basic requirements. The socialist democracy and the moral system became an active power to promote the progress of productive force and promote all-round human development. As a result, the rule of virtue has more rationality. Chinese Communist Party put forward the political proposition of rule of virtue and definitude two fundamental targets: to train socialist citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, good education and a strong sense of discipline and to establish the socialist harmonious society with fairness and justices, honest and reliable. In the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, activities of rule of virtue are necessary. The study intention of the dissertation is to analyze the essence and the law of activities of rule of virtue and to explore the way of implement of rule of virtue in the primary stage of socialism. Marxist teaching on the state and moral theory are the theoretical basis for us to research the theme of rule of virtue, and thoughts about rule of virtue contained in the Chinese ancient political thought and the Western political thought may be used for reference. These are the basic points for us to understand the meaning and the rationality of rule of virtue. Based on it, the tentative plan about how to carry out activities of rule of virtue and construct the guarantee system under the conditions of the socialist democracy has been put forward. This dissertation discussed the meaning of the rule of virtue. The rule ofvirtue is an activity of the social administration, which the ruling classes give play to virtue to maintain social order by means of the state power. In essence, the ruling classes are the subject of the rule of virtue and the ruled classes are the object. The fundamental function of the rule of virtue is to maintain the common benefits of the ruling classes. The fundamental contents of the rule of virtue include two aspects: moral construction in the social system and moral education of citizens, the rule of virtue rely on the laws, only for the organic combination of the rule of virtue and the rule of law can realize the social order in accordance with the benefits of the ruling classes. This dissertation concluded the Marxist basic views on the rule of virtue. Both ethics and politics belong to the superstructure determined by the economic base and give counteractive effect to the economic base. Because the politics is in the nucleus of the superstructure, the ethics is restricted by the politics, which is the foundation why the activities of rule of virtue exist. The rule of virtue is a political characteristic in ancient China; there are the thoughts and practice of rule of virtue in the West also. If we say that the main characteristic of the thought of rule of virtue in ancient China is to enlightening people by moral education, the main line of the thought of the rule of virtue in the West is in the seeking for the institutional justice. This dissertation explored the rationality of the activity of rule of virtue. The state power is the uppermost public power in the class society. In the dimensionality of the public power, the rule of virtue is the effective means with which the state power controls the social order and realizes the common benefits of the ruling classes. The ethics and the state power have the consistency on the value and the function. Political validity is an admission of the citizen to the political rule and political justice. In the dimensionality of the political validity, the rule of virtue is a direct means for the political system to obtain the acceptance of the citizen. In the dimensionality of the humanity, on the one hand, humanity has the trend of the all-round development, and the ethics is not only a kind of driving force for all-round development but also the basic content, so, the rule of virtue is necessary for the reason of the trend of all-round human development; on the other hand, human has the ability of the self-cognition and knowing society, thus, the rule of virtue is possible. In thedimensionality of the society, the rule of virtue is the necessary condition to form harmonious society with fairness and justices, honest and reliable. Those four aspects formed the rationality of the rule of virtue. The last part is about the way to realize the rule of virtue in the preliminary stage of socialism. Virtue is a kind of existence of value, and the rule of virtue is an activity which promotes the realization of specified value. Comprehensive human development is the essential request of the socialism and the ultimate value of the socialist democracy; it is also the basic point of value to implement the rule of virtue in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The rule of virtue has great promoting effect on the completion of the economic construction. Under the conditions of the socialist democracy, the rule of virtue concludes: the construction of the socialist moral system in accordance with the socialist democracy, the construction of the method system of the rule of virtue in accordance with the socialist democracy, the construction of the political man's morality as well as the construction of the guarantee system of the rule of virtue.