Modern Imagination Of "Phantasmata"

Holding the rational flag of "democracy" and "science", Modern Chinese literature in the "May 4th" New Culture Movement attempts to oppose the traditional culture thoroughly, however,"ghosts"culture and"ghosts"literature played an awkward role. Modern Chinese writers armed with the western scientific knowledge, took "expels evil spirits" and "exorcises demons" as the initiation of "dispels the demons" . How did the modern age connect with "ghosts" in many ways? Actually, the complex shape and many kinds of values of "ghosts" cannot be covered by the significance "superstition", "ignorance" ,"backwardness" and so on . As a popular well-established, ingrained folk custom and belief, The "ghosts" did not have strict opposite relations with modern writer's science consciousness since the "May 4th" movement.To modern writers,science is a method and a goal of initiation, but both"ghosts"and"ghosts"culture are a part of popular lives and one of esthetic ways reflecting reality and the pursue in modern age. A reality which modern writers must confront with was that "ghost" custom and its esthetic way had already seeped into both populace and modern writer's daily life and their latent consciousness, "ghost flickering" in general populace especially,where new culture did not be popularized. What's more, intrinsic thoughts or secrets of writers can also windingly be expressed by "ghosts" through artistic way.Ghosts in China has multiple source and changeability, thus it has multiple meaning in modern life: Because"ghosts"worshipped by ancestor in ancient age were the dead elder family members, when we worshipped we felt kindly, in addition,"ghosts" participated in populace's holiday revelry frequently, so it left profound and happy memory to the modern writers.Of course ,in the initiational subject of modern literature, it was very easy for modern writers to append the nationalistic weakness and national incorrigbility of populace with "ghosts",which were must be driven out but it was diffcult to get rid of them difficulty——"the national ghosts"; On the higher esthetic significance, in order to expressed the absurd and peculiar and confusing absentminded human survival circumstances in morden age,"ghosts" becomes the artistic way with phantasmagoric imagination and fiction. Thinking about "ghosts" in folk custom, "ghosts" in thoughts, "ghosts" in human nature and "ghosts" in philosophy, modern Chinese writers established a kind of "ghosts" literature pattern,that is: "ghosts in folk custom - national ghosts - ghosts in the heart".Consequently, "ghosts" literature writing by modern writers, changed the traditional imaginational way and entered into esthetic level in modern age gradually.Based on substantive reserches about Lu Xun and other local writers, Zhou Zuo-ren, Shen Cong-wen, Zhang Ai-ling, Xu xu and so on,the paper obtains several kinds of type about"ghosts"culture existing in modern literature: Local writers took advantage of"ghosts territory"to express their ideas about the word. Through the panorama type or the embellish type of literature...