Han Dynasty Funeral Study

The funeral is not only a unique culture phenomenon in ancient China, but also an important composition part of traditional civilization in our country. Being an object of study, in the dissertation, the funeral evolution before the Han dynasties and the formulation about the funeral in the Han dynasties are summarized first; second, the extravagance and waste custom on burial in the Han dynasties and the viewpoints that people at that time opposed the custom are commented on; third, various factors to influence the funeral of the Han dynasties are analyzed, and the funeral's turning into laws phenomenon in the Han dynasties is also dissected. In relation to mourning apparel aspects, the development of the mourning apparel clothes and the mourning apparel Fuxu in the Han dynasties is recounted; and the mourning cane phenomenon in the funeral of the Han dynasties is investigated; and Daide's viewpoints about the mourning apparel's changing and those proposed in Shiquge meeting are discussed systematically. About the mourning period and the burial period problems in the Han dynasties , on one hand, the three-year-mourning sources and various three-year-mourning viewpoints are analyzed; and the mourning periods of different social stratum people in the Han dynasties are investigated; on the other hand, the short-funeral problem of Han Wen Emperor, the burial day and the burial period problems of people in the Han dynasties are studied detailedly. As to mourning system aspect, on one hand, the general development situation about the system in the Han dynasties is summarized; on the other hand, from diet, house conditions, facial features, cry, speeches and clothes etc, the general mourning situation of people in service, soldiers who had been guarding the frontier, and the Duoqingqifu phenomenon for officers in the Han dynasties are analyzed. Since the funeral embodies the complex relations about people to people, people to society, families to society, in order to open social essence reflected in the funeral of the Han dynasties from the deeper levels, we especially discuss various situations about students' mourning for their teachers, Gulis' mourning for their Jiujun, a person's mourning for his (or her) natives who were not blood relation with him (or her), and a person's mourning for his (or her) own natives etc in the dissertation. Regarding the funeral ceremony, according to funeral evolution ordering, we draw its whole outline in the Han dynasties; and for the Fengfu ceremony in the Han dynasties, the ceremony to establish reputations given after a person's dying and to read the reputations, that to pay a condolence call, that to hasten home for the funeral, that to sing requiems and take part in a funeral process, and that of the Emperor's funeral in East Han dynasty etc, we especially discuss them as a topic respectively. In the end, we analyze two funeral ceremony problems reflected in the Mawangdui tomb of the Han dynasties, and pose our own theoretical-viewpoints.