Amalgamation Under Segregation:

China was dominated by Qing dynasty more than three hundred years, during which world layout and internal situation changed swiftly. On one hand, capitalism, which emphasized on industry revolution and started in Europe and North America, spread to other areas, interrupting China's way to develop independently. On the other hand, China also experienced both the prosperous reign period during Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong and rapid turbulence during reign period of Tongguang, leading her to decline. The influence of world capitalism and internal political and economic situation, as well as its unique geographical characteristics, made modernization of border area more complicated and changeable, which reflected Qing dynasty's declining from mightiness and unfolded china's special aspect when modernizing.As the center of local society, politics, economy and culture, cities in border area has vitally demonstrative function, being important "window" to observe this modernization. The previous research on Qing history, modern history and world Sinology puts great emphasis on society of Han people and city history on treaty ports inshore and along Yangtse River. Therefore, border area, a more complex modernizing region, can not get enough attention from scholars, let alone cities in this area. Xinjiang reviewed in this dissertation has the most typical characteristics of border area, including diversity of nations, specialty of geographical environment,...