The Rongcheng Dialect Of The Overseas Chinese Of Busan, South Korea And China Rongcheng Local Dialect Voice Comparative Study

The Chinese Koreans that lived in Korea for a long period of time have been influenced with Korean custom and culture due to various social participations without their realization. Above all, the language is the most influenced sector of all. The Chinese Koreans have a complex language usage as they speak Chinese among themselves but at other circumstances they speak Korean. Before the 1990's the Chinese Koreans rarely associated themselves with mainland China. Therefore, the Chinese language they speak may keep a trace of distinctive trait but at the same time also their language has distanced from the original form used back in China. This study is focused on the Rongcheng dialect used the most by Shandong roots residing in Busan, comparing with the Rongcheng dialect and the sound of words used in the Rongcheng Shandong mainland in China to summarize the commonness and the difference while studying the rule of alterations occurred in the sound of words.The overall study has been sectioned into 7 chaptersand the below is a brief description of each chapter.Chapter 1 "Introduction" explains the significance of this study with a general introduction to Rongcheng Shandong, China and the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea. . The chapter develops to explain the research method, the sphere of research and the sources used.Chapter 2 "Individual Character's Pronunciation of the Rongcheng Shandong dialect used in mainland China and the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea" . The chapter focuses on introducing Individual Character's Pronunciation of the two different dialects. The mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect keeps 24 Chinese consonants(including Zero-Chinese Consonant), 37 Chinese vowels, and 4 Chinese tones, while the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea keeps 24 Chinese consonants(including Zero-Chinese Consonant), 37 Chinese vowels, and 4 Chinese tones. These two distinctive dialects shows no difference in numbers, however they show some contrasts in forms.Chapter 3 "The comparison study of Chinese consonants between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea" . In this chapter comparison of Chinese consonants in the two dialects is conducted. First, the difference and the commonness has been statistically analyzed and shown through a graph, and the 4 major differences suggested were extended for further study. Firstly, Fen jian tuan(分尖团), the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect keeps ts ts s Chinese consonants for Jian yin(尖音) and Tuan yin(团音) is c c' (?) Chinese consonants. As for the Chinese Korean dialect in Busan, Jian yin(尖音) is t(?) t(?) (?) Chinese consonants and Tuan yin(团音) is c c' (?) Chinese consonants. Second is classification of Middle ages Zhi Zhuang Zhang(知庄章) 3 group Chinese consonants, both the two dialects divide into two classes, Jia(甲) and Yi(乙). The two dialects both keeps the Jia(甲) class as t(?) group Chinese consonants, however the Yi(乙) class by the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is t∫group Chinese consonants where as the Chinese Korean dialect used in Busan uses the Yi (乙class as t(?) group Chinese consonants. Third is phonetic pronunciation of Middle ages Ri(日) Chinese Consonant Characters, which shows complete agreement in the two dialects. Fourth is the question of whether the pronunciation of Ping sheng(平声), a plosive and affricate of Middle ages Quan zhuo(全浊) Chinese consonants is aspirated or nonaspirated. The mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect keeps 48 characters that are read as nonaspirated in spoken language's pronunciation, and the Chinese Korean dialect used in Busan mostly reads as aspirated pronunciation.In chapter 4 "The comparison study of Chinese vowels between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea" , a comparison study of Chinese vowels in the two dialects is conducted. First, the difference and the commonness has been statistically analyzed and shown through a graph followed by an extensive study of the 7 major differences suggested during the comparison. First is the pronunciation of Chinese vowels related to Yi(乙) class Chinese consonants character of Middle ages Zhi Zhuang Zhangd(知庄章) 3 group, the Yi(乙) class Chinese consonants of the Rongcheng Shandong dialect mutually merges with Kai kou hu(开口呼) and He kou hu(合口呼) while the the Yi (乙) class Chinese consonants of the Chinese Koreans used Rongcheng dialect mutually merges with Chinese consonants Qi kou hu(齐口呼) and Cuo kou hu(撮口呼). Second is the Chinese vowelsof the character Xie she kai kou er deng Jian xi(蟹撮开口二等见系), the Rongcheng Shandong dialect mostly reads by iai Chinese vowels, while the Chinese Koreans used Rongcheng dialect reads by is Chinese vowels. Thirdly, as for the present pronunciation of the Chinese vowels of He kou(合口) for the four she(摄) from Middle ages Xie Zhi Shan Zhen(蟹止山臻), the Rongcheng Shandong dialect mostly reads as Kai kou hu(开口呼), while the Chinese Koreans used Rongcheng dialect reads as either Kai kou hu(开口呼) and He kou Fourth is the Chinese vowels of Kai kou yi deng Jian xi ru sheng(开口一等见系入声) character of the two she (摄) Middle ages Xian Shan(咸山). the Rongcheng Shandong dialect mostly reads as a Chinese vowels, while the Chinese Koreans used Rongcheng dialect reads as (?) Chinese vowels. Fifth is the biuniqueness of (?), u(?), y(?) Chinese vowels between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan. The (?) Chinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as o, uo, (?) Chinese vowels in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan, u(?) Chinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as uo, y, u Chinese vowels in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan while the y(?) Chinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as yo, yεChinese vowels in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan. Sixth is the biuniqueness ofε, iε, uε, yεChinese vowels between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialact used by Chinese Koreans in Busan. TheεChinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as (?), iε, uo, o Chinese vowels in the Rongchengdialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan, is Chinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as iε, yε, uε, uo Chinese vowels in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan while the us Chinese vowels of the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read as uε, yε, uo Chinese vowels in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan. In addition, the yεChinese vowels in the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect is read in thesame way in the Rongcheng dialect used by Chinese Koreans in Busan. Seventh is the difference and the commonness between "yue(月)" and "yue(岳)" Chinese vowels, discussing the separation and combination of the characters read as ye Chinese vowels in Pekingesewhile Rongcheng Shandong dialect reads as yε, y(?) Chinese vowels and the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans reads as yεChinese vowels as done in Pekingese.In chapter 5 "The comparison study of the Chinese tones between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan, Korea" compares the Chinese tones of the two dialects. First of all, the difference and the commonness has been statistically analyzed and shown through a graph, and the 4 major differences suggested were extended for further study. The chapter starts to briefly discuss the characteristic of Chinese tones found in Shandong dialect. Secondly, as the class of Chinese tones of Middle ages Ci zhuo ping sheng(次浊平声), the Rongcheng Shandong dialect is classified into two groups of Yin ping(阴平) and Yang ping(阳平), whereas the Chinese Korean dialect used in Busan classifies' into Yin ping(阴平) and Qu sheng(去声). Third is the character which is currently read as Yang ping (阳平) from characters Shang sheng(上声) and Qu sheng(去声), Chinese consonants of Middle ages Zhuo(浊). There are a total of 20 characters in Rongcheng Shandong dialect but for the dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan no such character is read as Yang ping(阳平) but only Qu sheng(去声). Fourthly, a Chinese tones comparison study between Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Chinese Korean dialect used in Busan was conducted to examine the differences between the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect and the Rongcheng dialect used in Busan by the Chinese Koreans to study a chief cause for the differences.In chapter 6 "The pronunciation comparison chart of the Rocngcheng dialect used by the Chinese Koreans in Busan and the mainland Rongcheng Shandong dialect" , pronunciation of 2918 characters of the two dialects were compared. The presented chart displays a detailed pronunciation of Middle ages Pronunciation and Beijing pronunciation to extensively make a comparative study of Middle ages Pronunciation and the Pu tong hua(普通话) pronunciation.In Chapter 7 "Conclusion" , the major differences and the commonness in Chinese consonants, Chinese vowels, and Chinese tones found in the two dialects are studied on the whole.