Mongolian Heroic Epic "jianggar And Shamanism

This dissertation , drawing upon the theory about Shamanism presented in Uno Harva's book 《シャマニズム》 , Japanese translation of which was made by Tanaka, is directed to make a systematical research and thoroughgoing analysis of the relation between Mongolian Shamanism and Mongolian great epic Jangar , referring to achievements of other scholars from ours and foreign countries as well as the methods of anthropology, historiography, study of folk literature, linguistics and aesthetics. The whole paper was composed of introduction, Jangar in relation to the world of Shamanism, Jangar in relation to the heavenly bodies of Shamanism, Jangar in relation to Shamanist world and Jangar in relation to the spirits' world of Shamanism.The introduction includes two parts , in the first part, I gave a brief account of the general situation of research and, the theoretical base of choosing this thesis, its possible significance to related academic research, methods and the materials about Shamanism demanded in the paper were mentioned in the second part. In the history of Jangar study, research of the relation between Jangar and religion is not an early-started task. Shamanism, as a primitive religion, was a main form among the ancient Mongolian belief system and the Shamanist world view was governing their thoughts andactivities everywhere. National epic, called as an encyclopedia of national social life, can reflect all the aspects of that nationality's mental course along the history. Undoubtedly, the ancient Mongolian shamanist world view, shamanist ritual and shamanist practices were vividly embodied in Jangar. Then, who are Shamans? How do Shamanists see the world and soul? What do Shamanists think about heavenly bodies? How were the shamanist mentality and concepts showed in Jangar after all? Discussed about are these questions in this paper. Although having made some achievements, the recent academic survey of religion related to Jangar is poorer and superficial, being short of theoretical research in whole. It may be a shortcoming in this academic field. This dissertation is therefore expected to start with the Shamanist theory and in particular to analyze the religious mentality in Jangar.Chapter one, Jangar in relation to the world of Shamanism, is composed of two parts, the first of them is arranged to introduce the Shamanist world view by divisions into Shamanist explanation of cosmos's origin, the world's layered structure, the Tree of World and animals on the world or so. The second part is an analysis of the text of Jangar in accordance with the above mentioned theory.Chapter two, Jangar in relation to the heavenly bodies of Shamanism, is also divided into two parts, in the first part, the Shamanist view of heavenlybodies are elaborated from four perspectives of Tngri, sun and moon, the god assistants. The second part, accordingly, analyzed and demonstrated the worship of Tngri, worship of sun and moon, heroes and god assistants in Jangar on the base of before handed conceptions.Chapter three, Jangar in relation to Shamanist world, is still a constitution of two parts, the first one is an exposition of White Shamans, Black Shamans and witchcrafts of shamans, but the second one figured out the images such as shamans, Chagan Ebugen and Idugan .Chapter four, Jangar in relation to the spirit's world of Shamanism, consist of two parts, the first one of them gave an account for Temporary Soul, Incarnation Soul, Forever Soul and fire in Shamanism, the second part, based on the theories above mentioned, analyzed and studied the Temporary Soul, Incarnation Soul, Forever Soul and fire in Jangar.