| The mausoleum of Qin Shi-huangdi(the first emperor in Qin) is the first emperor cemetery in China history, and it's also one of the China ancient emperor and monarch cemeteries which have the largest scale and most aboundant burial objects. It is famous not only for it's sublime scale and towering buildings but also for it's aboundant burials. It attracts various attentions of the society since it contains great integration merits.The archaeology of Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum is the great event and important fruition of China contemporary archaeology history and even of the world archaeology history. This article will be based on the archaeological materials in the past decade, combine the history literatures records, and use envioronment archaeological theory and method for reference, locate the archaeology materials in Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum at the joint point of the time and cultural vicissitude society between pre-Qin dynasty and Qin and Han dynasty, through the archaeological materials analogy research, based on the research done by other scholars, pin the hope on mainly throught the investigation of the ideas of designing of Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum to understand the society political cultures of Qin dynasty and especially the spirit cultural pursue of Qin Shi-huangdi himself.Through the integration research of constructing time and period of the mausoleum of Qin Shi-huangdi, the mutual-active relationship of the cultural relics and remains distribution and the environment, mound buildings, san chu que (kind of gate tower), outer burials system, drainage project, mercury in the underground palace, tomb entrance passage structure, design ideas and other important matters related to Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum and coffin chamber systems, the following creative productions or important opinions are developed.All the historical remains of Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum were constructed after Li Si became into the primary minister, and the constructing period was only about a decade but not near 40 years as known before; the distribution of the historical remains has a close mutual-active relationship with the hydro-environment.The real height of the mausoleum mound has apparent difference with the literature record. The reason was peasantry war in the end of Qin dynasty that caused the shutdown of the mausoleum construction, but not caused by the different measuring points or wrong historical literature records. The intricate step-style wall-shape rammed earth terrace (30 meters high above the ground, under the mound) and the related outbuildings are for the use Qin Shi-huangdi's soul to go out.The san chu que in the earliest term of China was founded in Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum, which indicates the highest rank buildings' scale and shape of Qin empire that is one of the important component factors of Qin dynasty political systems. The san chu que was the new building developed and created from the base of western Zhou dynasty gate tower, and it had a deep influence in the following 2000 years.The 184 attendant pits, which never existed before, consisted the outer burial system of Qin Shi-huangdi's mausoleum, which is the underground simulation reappearance of the central government administrations and basilica management administration under the polity system of emperor centralization of state power.The find of the obstruct and drainage system of underground palace of the mausoleum of the first emperor in Qin through archaeological excavation refers to the projects of "chuan san quan" (through three layers of groundwater) and "xia gu san quan" (under obstruct three layers of groundwater) in literature record. This find and research have corrected the various wrong understandings and justices in the past 2000 years.The mountains, rivers and seas of Qin empire presented by mercury in the underground palace were the productions of the ideology of Qin empire, Qinese and emperor. It is an important symbol of own pursue of Qin Shi-huangdi in the future world.The public voice and propagandise of early western Han provided a misinterpreted and evil Qin Shi-huangdi, while the new archaeological finds presented the colourful and rich political cultural life of Qin empire. The cemetery of the first emperor in Qin was the production of brand new emperor ideology, and was the idealization reappearance of the empire political system.
|
PDF Full Text Request