On The History Of Ideology Study During The New Era Of China

The studies on the essence of literature and ideology are the more important content of the modern literature theory of China. It has the most important value of theory and reality to know the law of literature, the construction of Marxism literature theory and the development of the literary creation.This study has the clear objective, that is, rectify the rigid and dogmatic wrong cognition and make theory correspond with the reality of literature, meanwhile, against those wrong tendencies which violate the basic principle of Marxism.Because of the complex of the literature and the ideology theory of Marxism, the cognition and the understanding have many differences and this form the debate of different school and standpoint.The first chapter: Study on the character and position of the literature superstructure. (1978-1985)Zhuguangqian queried the position of the literature superstructure under the premise that the essence of literature is the ideology. He thought that ideology is not including in the superstructure and it is not equal to the superstructure. Those scholars who opposed this standpoint thought that literature is ideology and which belong to superstructure. They discriminated the ideology theory of Marxism from different dimensions.In this era the argument is philosophically. Almost all the debater confirmed that the essence of literature is ideology and which belong to the superstructure of idea. They also thought that literature is the special ideology which has no close relation with the superstructure and economic base as politics, law. Literature is not belonging to politics and it is not the tool of class struggle which has the close relation with the social life.The second chapter: Study on the essence of ideology (1986-1993) The tradition cognation that the essence of literature is the ideology is questioned in this era. Maoxing questioned the translation of ideology on the basis of etymology and philosophy. He thought that we should differentiate the literature works from the concept of literature and literature theory. Literature theory is the ideology while the literature works is not the ideology because it has the form of language. Luanchangda thought that literature has the character of both ideology and non-ideology. Ideology is not the only character of literature and it is not the basic character of literature, either, meanwhile, we could not deny that some works has the character of ideology. Dongxuewen thought that the specialty of literature is that it is the collective of ideology and non-ideology. Only a theory system includes ideology and non-ideology is constructed, can we finish the creation and construction of modern Marxism literature theory.Lumeilin, Lizhun, Tutu and Wangyuanxiang insist on the traditional ideology theory. But they admitted that literature has the non-ideology characteristics. Most of the scholars thought that ideology is the main contradiction of literature, so it determines the essence of literature. In this era, Aesthetic ideology became the most influenced theory and initiated the heated argument.The characteristic of study in this era is that the law of literature is respected. The way and the method of study is diversification and all of the standpoints are expressed. For the reason of sophisticated of this problem, the scholars could not make the unanimous agreement.The third chapter: arrangement, review and expression of the given theory (1994-2002)The concept of western philosophy and cultural emerged in China and the connotation of ideology is different from the traditional understanding. The main different is that the connotation of ideology is cultural and it is used extensively, while the tradition concept of ideology is related with the social economic conditions which had the class nature and the value related with the social system.In this era, the scholars formed the unanimous cognation that the essence of literature is aesthetic. This mainly refers to the device of writing and the language of literature. Uninterestedness is the characteristic of aesthetic which has nothing to do with the concrete and practical values. The most influence connotation of ideology is based on the cultural philosophy. The Aesthetic Ideology is accepted in wide-ranging and it is became the first principle of literature theory in some scholars opinion.The fourth chapter: the argument about the essence of literature and the aesthetic ideology. (2003-2007)Dongxuewen, who had different standpoint in 1980's, published several articles questioned the aesthetic ideology. This spurred the respond of academic circles and this made the study on the essence of literature heated suddenly.According to the basic principle of Marxism, Dongxuewen thought that the connotation, meaning and value of ideology is not emphasis on the division of the type of the component of the conscious, but on the social characteristic which determined by the social economic characteristic. Literature has plural characters which include both ideology and non-ideology and which should be defined the form of aesthetical consciousness which has the character of ideology. Luguishan criticized the explanation about aesthetic and ideology of the aesthetic ideology.As the advocate of the aesthetic ideology, Qianzhongwen and Tongqingbing criticized the standpoint of Dongxuewen. They explained that the aesthetic ideology is conforming to Marxism. The aesthetic ideology is neither the pure aesthetic nor the pure ideology which is the historical production of aesthetical consciousness. Literature is the independent area and the aesthetic ideology discusses the essence of this independent literature. The aesthetic ideology also thinks that Marxism need development which should use the related theory of ideology for reference, while the aesthetic ideology is the creation independently and the new contribution to Marxism of academics of China.Moreover, there are also some important standpoints. Wuyuanmai opposed the theory that the literature is the form of ideology but not the ideology itself. He opposed the aesthetic ideology, either. He thought that we could not make any dimension or definition about the essence of literature absolutely. It is not right when we plus aesthetic to ideology, aesthetic to value or sign or culture. This way does not suit the literature practice and it cannot lead to the truth. Wangyuanxiang has the same standpoint about the essence of literature with Qianzhongwen and Tongqingbing, but he has the same connation abut the ideological character of literature with Dongxuewen.The fifth chapter: conclusionIn this chapter, the dissertation describes the process and the clue of ideology during the last 30 years. It analysis the relations of the different school and differentiate the identical and the difference of them. It indicates that the focus is the ideology character of literature, that is, whether we insist on the ideology character of literature or not; what ideology character should we insist; how can we insist on the ideology character.This argument is still going on and which would has the profound influence on the modern literature theory of China.