Prototype Theory And Literary Activities

The Archetype is an ancient concept in the very early emergence of the Western theology, philosophy, the field of religion. By the 20th century, due to Carl.Gustav..Jung, Northrop Frye and others, the Archetype was widely used in psychology and literary studies, then gradually more and more people understand and apply it. But because of the complexity of the concept and the confusion during the application process, the Archetype is seemingly self-evident reality became blurred, different people has different explanation .We consider that, broadly speaking, the Archetype is the cultural unconsciousness, it come into being during the course of human history,it is the result of human culture. An Archetype is not any specific concepts and feelings, and therefore only through various specific forms can we grasp; As a cultural unconsciousness , an Archetype would be in any human practice field, literary Archetype is an Archetype in the field of literary expression. Archetype manifestations are varied and may manifest in concrete images, procedures, may also reflected in the specific cultural context or concept, etc.. In nature, the Archetype has strong stability and orientation, to a certain extent it determines people response, but it is also highly adaptable and variability, in the course of practice it will be updated and modified.The issue how the Archetype occurring can be studied from different perspectives . From the perspective of anthropology, the Archetype occurring should be relation to the human dread for the nature and to the original mode of thinking, which contributed to the common cause of the basic Archetype patterns; From physiology perspective ,basing on modern medicine, biology, science and other related nerve results the Archetype occurring is speculated have physiological -- psychological foundation. In other words, the Archetype could be holded up by the specific physical -- psychological structure : in the long history of mankind, some the Archetypes perhaps inherited down through depositing in human genius and physical genetic structure. But the veiled Archetype needs certain conditions to chang into noticeable Archetype, including national culture education, the appropriate environment and specific physical characteristics, and so on.The type of Archetype is very rich.From the anthropology perspective, the Archetype can be divided into primary care Archetype and secondary care Archetype ; From the occuring manner , the Archetype may be divide into metaphor Archetype and metonymy Archetype . Whatever type of Archetype is a reflection of human nature, with the features of collective nature, stability and relative uncertainty.Literature Archetype theory is a rather rich theory, it is highly inclusive and open. Literary Archetype theory make much of the "deep structure", refusing to value judgements, promoting professional criticism, which is coincided with the literary Structure theory, and thus demonstrates prominent structure characteristics, but the literature Archetype theory also attaches great importance to the subject's initiative activities in the literaty action and specific literature experience ,it considerda that criticism should begin from reading.All of these thoughts demonstrates the difference between the Archetype theory and the literature Structurelism.Literature Archetype theory has distinct Formalism features: it focused on the study of literature forms, emphasizing on the form similarities between literature and myth, ritual,etc.,it mechanically counterparted the literature form changing and the circle of myth. At the same time literary Archetype theory insisted on the self-sufficiency of literary and literary language.But literature Archetype theory did not adhere to literary language itself, it is a "macroscopic" formalism, furthermore it did not ignore the social function of literature, in fact it is full of humanism and concern. The last feature of literature Archetype theory is the dissolving of romanticism and cultural tradition. Being the pioneer of romanticism Blacks and Kant have important implications on Frye.Many literary Archetype theory, such as the independence and self-sufficiency of art, the emphasis on imagination and creativity,are closely coincidence with romanticism. Of course, literature Archetype theory did not extreme personality, or ignoring the cultural traditions as romanticism did,on the contrary,it attaches great importance to traditional forces,and insisted on that the successor of the human spirit can not be changed.Archetype gets in touch titely with literature.It affects both writing and acceptance greatly.To writing,Archetype basicly has effects on the imagination scopes,modes and depth,With the restriction of Archetype,writing is the replacement of it:the writer either consciously changing the expression modes or emphasizing on a certain inspection of an Archetype.There are many elements affected Archetype replacement. In alloplasm background,certain geographical and natural condition,certain cultural and social standards may all affect Archetype replacement.At the same time,the changement of alloplasm culture may urge Archetype changing old forms. In homogeneous cultural background, the times demand has the most obvious effect on Archetype replacement.Literarure Archetype has great effects on writing obviously. It affects writing in a varied manner. Generally in two manners : incorporated manner and stylized manner. Each causes different effect:the former may bring positive effects,such as adding facination to the works, avoiding superficial,forming a unique style,etc.;the latter may bring negative effects,such as leading to the stylized writing, vulgarization. In order to avoiding the negative effectsThe Archetype has both positive effect and negative effect, the nature depending on the the Archetype role in the creative approach. Role in the creation of literary generally can be devided into two ways : "the college" way and "model-based" way. The former refers to the use of Archetype being companied by object's main creative talent, understanding of life and experience; the latter refers to the use of Archetype being fully controlled by Archetype model,without creating transformation and no innovation.Using Archetype in"the college"way supply much to works'value,such as increasing works tension,benefiting expressing certain feelings and meanings,and also avoiding the superficial and trivial.Whatever,using Archetype in model-basied way may damage works,because it may cause model writing.So writor should avoid the negetive effect of Archetype,the specific ways is as follows: imitating the person who open to the public, maintaining independent spirits and possessing comprehensive lives,etc..Acceptance of the Archetype is also a complex issue. To truly understand Archetype,the acceptance object should have specific cultural attainment corresponding to Archetype , which is the Archetype acceptance premise,which specifically includes two aspects : the"forunderstanding"and social condition partly coinciding with Archetype.Archetype experience may be the most important.Only in Archetype experience shoulf the object feel the exciting as be coverd by belif.This experience is basicly similar the point of"facing the thing itsself"in phenomenon,that is,to achieve basic feeling of things in completely pure condition,without any concept dependence,or old thinking mode.In short,without knowledge dependence.That is an pure state without any restricts.The features includes the follows:pervishing the difference of object and subject;being closely connected with personal experiencement;mainly dependenting on"perception-intuition thinking";the aid of Archetype acceptance be not achive a simple agreement with ready conclusionbut an feeling upgrading.To these aspects the Archetype experiencement is ruther similar with phycical ritial experiencement,Archetype indicating has great effect on literary acceptance.It may affebtively promote the transformation and changement between acceptance object and work,the deep understanding about works,and the object's spirit achievement.Of couse,Archetype indicating may also result in negetive effect on literary acceptance such as reading obstruction,damaging works charming,etc.These are the main contents of this paper.The main purpose of this paper is to study on the theory of literature Archetype theory,the innovation mainly includes the following three aspects.First,the paper is the first case for an overall research on the literature Archetype theory;secondl,this paper attempts to expound the concept and other basic issues about Archetype,which is an useful work for the development of Arhetype theory;this paper compare literature Archetype theory with literature structurism,literature formalism and Romanticism,which is also the first attemptance,being great benifitial to avoiding the confusing of the them.On the basis of the comparison,the paper try to generalize the main features of literature Archetype theory,which is also available in the all results about Archetype theory.