Changes In Land Ownership And Social Reconstruction

As one of the most developed areas in China, Su-nan (South Kiangsu) had not increased its agricultural productivity enormously as farm produce from 1949 to 1979. Rustic farming had been intervened excessively by the country until domestic production was resumed after reformation of Chinese village in 1980s, which improved the farmers' enthusiasm and prolificacy greatly. But the praedial rights of the fanners were damaged in the industrialization because they were never regarded as landowners legally. The farmers' blurry property for infield is related with egregious occupancy of the state. This came from the land reform of Chinese Mainland in 1950s, for national volition was pressed on ownership of land.There were various targets in the land reform movement in South Kiangsu from 1949 to 1952. In political terms, it served to deprive the landlord class of the roots of the power of CCP. In economic terms, the redistribution of essential resources promised to release rural forces of production. There are two pivotal points in the land reform of South Kiangsu. One is the transformation of land system, the other is the relation between farmers and country regime.This thesis can be outlined by five parts around the two points hereinbefore. The second chapter aims to analyze the traditional relations about the land. The hold and usage of land is very sporadic in modern South Kiangsu. Land tenancy, especially Yi-tian-er-zhu (there are plural owners on the same land), is ubiquitous and complicated. Moreover, there are a lot of employment relations and institutional land. The third chapter discusses the reduction of land rent and interest for loans. It analyzes how the interrelated policy had been implemented. The CCP developed a mass of basal groups, provided the preparation for the land reform. The fourth chapter studies the policies on land reform of new liberated areas and how these policies were put in practice. The CCP mobilized the mass of South Kiangsu widely through squawk and class-compartmentalization, forming a violent battle against landlord. The CCP, peasants and landlord all fight for their own interest. Chapter five describes the impact on the country society by this movement in South Kiangsu. With the development of the land reform, rustic cadre became the vicegerent of the state. At the same time, there was a trend that middle peasant had been the dominant class in the village. The CCP controlled the peasants firmly through the hopping rustic cadre, whose political consciousness were improved. The sixth chapter analyzes the alteration of land property and the economic performance of the land reform, such as the reallocation on the land, the transformation of tenancy system and land marketing, the reduction of employment and loan. The rent was abolished, replaced by pubic commissariat turned to the state. The farmers' income meliorated to a certain extent, while being poor in the whole. The selling of farm produce was largely dominated by the cooperative organization in the town.In fact, land reform in South Kiangsu was only one stage in a much longer process leading to fully socialist agricultural collectivization. The state possess of excessive influence on the land, which intervened in the production of peasants through expropriating their paddy. Furthermore, the abolishment of tenancy, restriction of employment and reduction of loan weakened the circulation such as land, capital and labor market. The formation of a homogeneous fanner production pattern provided the foundation for agricultural modernization and collectivization. A society is forming simultaneity, where class decided the sign of people's status.