The Historical Change Of Jiaodong Dialects

The dissertation focuses on historical changes of Jiaodong dialects.Today's Jiaodong dialects owns certain phonological features:"Devoicing","Voiced Rising Tone into Falling","Coincident Rhymes of the Same Grade","Coincident Rhymes of the 3^rdand 4^thGrade","Plosive Ending Loss of Entering Tone",etc.Those features are essential to modem mandarin originating from Zhong Yuan Yin Yun(中原音韻).The close relationship between Jiaodong dialects and modern mandarin, possibly comes from the immigrants of anti-Japanese Army and some immigrant peasants according to Jiaodong's humane background.At that time the majority of Jiaodong's population were soldiers and their families,then Jiaodong dialects developed into a new military variant of modern mandarin.So advances on Jiaodong dialects are for the benefit of reconstructing proto-mandarin.Here,methods of comparison,contact,dialectual geography and 3-respect-proof are all available,to examine the relationship between Jiaodong dialects and modern mandarin,and to trace the history of Jiaodong dialects.ChapterⅠconsists of 4 parts.The former 3 parts introduce the geographic features,the evolution of poltical areals in Jiaodong Peninsula,and current achievements of Jiaodong dialects. The latter part tries to seek the primary inhabitants' tongue,with the archaeological anthropological ethnological and linguistic evidences.Ancient Jiaodong inhabitants spoke Yi(夷) language,and they possibly had their own characters.From Shang(商)and Zhou(周)dynasty on, Ancient Chinese gradually spread in,then in Spring and Autumn Times(春秋時代),a transformation from Yi(夷)language to Qi(齐)dialect might occur.With the addition of frequent immigrants,during Tang(唐)and Song(宋)dynasty,perhaps a Northern-Chinese-speaking Jiaodong Peninsula came into being.ChapterⅡare phonological sysytemes of 18 dialects in diagram.ChapterⅢconsists of 3 parts.PartⅠanalyzes the geographic areal and immigrant factors influencing Jiaodong dialects.The political areal of Jiaodong are nearly fixed for long with a half-closed environment,so the phonological structures of the inner dialects became coincident. While there are always emigrants in peace times,there are always immigrants during war.At the beginning of Ming(明)dynasty,anti-Japanese soldiers and their families flooded to live in, indicating that mandarin covered the Peninsula at one time,with 3 sides rounded by sea and the west side connecting the mainland indicating that mandarin from Mid-Ming dynasty had to intrude slowly and gradually.PartⅡtersely states certain common features of the Peninsular's inner dialets.PartⅢis concerned with the phonological divergences of inner Dialects.The first 3 section analyzes the phonological divergences of the "East Lai(萊)"and" West Lai(萊)" from the native speakers.With the standard of "No Retroflxes + Equal of Jing(精)Group and Zhi(知)Groups ", we originally divide Jiaodong dialects into two small areals:the Coastal and the Inland.The mixing or departing of Jing(精)group and Zhi(知)groups shows a ladder-shaped picture,and the interim areals between the Coastal and the Inland have valuable features,which help to make the courses of the dilectual changes clear.The next 2 section discuss variant pronunciations,we originally find characters between Jing(精)group and Jian(見)groups with a same pronunciation in Jin Ping Mei,indicating that a character of Jian(見)groups has a substratum pronunciation equaling to one in Jing(精)group.The 6^thsection discuss the changing rules of diphthong's monophthongizing and nasals,also the change motives.The 7^thsection analyzes the mixing of Entering rhymes and non-Entering rhymes,to seek the change stage and type.The last section is on tones' shape and type.As good obstructs,Hill Ai(艾山),Hill Ya(牙山)and HaiLai hills(海萊山區)make the tone type of the eastern dialects some pecullar features.ChapterⅣtraces back to the changes of early tones and Entering rhymes.Based on the nature of Second Language Learning,we originally state a modern mandarin system of 3 dialects (North,Middle,South).The change model of non-Entering tone in Jiaodong dialects and Entering rhymes' changes both originate from proto-mandarin,however,Entering tone lost into the other three came from Zhong Yuan Yin Yun.