| There are 454 Jinshi of Huizhou in Ming Dynasty. Among them, about 149 people who have historical records of their ages of passing the Civil Examination, and they are 32 years old on average; about 156 people who have records of their term of office, and they serve 18 years on average. In all 454 Jinshi, there are 129 people who have become high officials, which means obtaining above third-rank, and there 30 people who become the high officials in central government, so the opportunity of high official is 28.4% on average, and the opportunity of high official in central government is 6.6%..Among 454 Jinshi of Huizhou, there are 169 Double Jiguan Jinshi, and in the 169 Double Jiguan Jinshi, there are 164 ones who coming from Huizhou and emigrating to other regions. Therefore, floating outward is the main part of Huizhou's Double Jiguan Jinshi in Ming Dynasty, and the main areas they settling or living are Lianghuai and Liangzhe. Nanjing, Yangzhou, Hangzhou and cities around Taihu Lake, are the principal places attracting and admitting Huizhou's Double Jiguan Jinshi, where economy, politics, thought and the culture are very prosperous.The reason causing a Double Jiguan Jinshie floating outward is different, but the main cause is their family's commercial background.So, Huizhou Jinshi of Ming Dynasty can be divided to two groups, the one is Double Jiguan Jinshi, and the other is Single Jiguan Jinshi. The number of Double Jiguan Jinshi is 169, which accounts for 37.2% of the total, and the number of Single Jiguan Jinshi is 285 which accounts for 62.8%. By contrasting the two kinds of Houzhou jinshi, we can find that they having behaved differently on promoting their political status. On opportunity of becoming high official, the Double Jiguan Jinshi is 32.0%, about 6.5% higher than the Single Jiguan Jinshi's 26.3%. On opportunity of high official in central government, the Double Jiguan Jinshi is 10.7%, about 6.5% higher than the Single Jiguan Jinshi's 4.2%. Moreover, on other comparing criterions such as opportunity of central government, opportunity of Gongqing-Zaifu, opportunity of Cishi, etc., the Double Jiguan Jinshi is higher than the Single too. Each kind of Jinshi has different performance on promoting its political status because of different family background and the different influences of the background.Huizhou Jinshi, as a whole, can be classified into three parts, the first group comes from official family, the second comes from merchant family, the third comes from ordinary family. There are 304 Jinshi who have historical records about their families, in them, account for 40.5% come from official family, 21.4% come from merchant family, and 38.1% come from ordinary family. On promoting of political status, a Jinshi who comes from official family his opportunity of high official is 35.8%, and his opportunity of high official in central government is 8.9%. A Jinshi who comes from merchant family, his opportunity of high official is 32.1%, and his opportunity of high official in central government is 7.1%. In different period of Ming Dynasty, a Jinshi who comes from merchant family, his opportunity of high official or opportunity of high official in central government is tending to decline, and in the later of Ming Dynasty, the figure is below the average of Huizhou Jinshi's. A Jinshi who comes from ordinary family, his opportunity of high official is 26.7%, a little below the average of Huizhou Jinshi's, and his opportunity of high official only 1.7%, is well below the average.Jinshi, who come from merchant families, are fewer, but more competitive; who come from ordinary families, are larger, but less competitive. The only one group, which has both superiority in amount and advantage in competition, is coming from official families, and playing a significant role in Huizhou Jinshi of Ming Dynasty.The superiority of official family, is more clearly manifested in Single Jiguan Jinshi. At each period of Ming Dynasty, the proportion of Single Jiguan Jinshi which has official family background is rising continuously, and in the later of Ming Dynasty, this proportion has reached to 60.0% and became an overwhelming majority. On opportunity of high official and high official in central government, Single Jiguan Jinshi which has official family background is also well above Single Jiguan Jinshi which has no official family background. The other way round, Single Jiguan Jinshi which has ordinary family (includes merchant family) background, its opportunity of high official is well below the average of Huizhou Jinshi, and its high official of central government is the lowest, being zero.The Double Jiguan, breaking this kind of situation, and makes the superiority of official family no longer remarkably. In Double Jiguan Jinshi which come from official family, only account for 34.7%, and in the meantime, its proportion is declining. In later of Ming dynasty, the proportion of Double Jiguan Jinshi who have official family background is failing to 26.8%. In Double Jiguan Jinshi, ones who come from merchant families take the advantage in quantity at all times, they account for 49.6% of the Double Jiguan Jinshi.And if we concern that some Jinshi who have both official and merchant family background and add them in it, Jinshi come from merchant family will be account for 65.3%. This approving that, most of Double Jiguan Jinshi of Houzhou in Ming Dynasty have merchant family background. The Double Jiguan Jinshi which comes from merchant family, its opportunity of high official is 32.9%, and its opportunity of high official in central government is 8.9%. During the different period of Ming Dynasty, Huizhou's Double Jiguan Jinshi which comes from merchant family, its opportunity of high official and high official of central goernment is decline, and in later of Ming Dynasty, the two opportunity are 27.3% and 6.8%, roughly the same with the average of Huizhou Jinshi's. In Double Jiguan Jinshi, which comes from ordinary family is small in amount, but its promotion of political status is very optimistic. In the main, although Double Jiguan Jinshi who has official family background, his superiority on promoting his political status is obviously, but because of the limited amount, it is mainly a disadvantaged group. Among the Double Jiguan Jinshi, who come from merchant family and ordinary family, occupying the great advantage in amount, and their promotion of political status also well above Single Jiguan Jinshi which comes from ordinary (includes merchant) family.Jinshi who have official family background are obtaining the superiority in Single Jiguan Jinshi, and who have merchant and ordinary family background are obtaining the superiority in Double Jiguan Jinshi. A change in this situation is relating to the floating in different areas which occuring in the families of Double Jiguan Jinshi. Floating between different areas, changes the family structure of Huizhou's Double Jiguan Jinshi, their families are no longer the pattern of small families under huge clans, but becoming'the expended families'which contained immediate relatives and Congqins. This form of family organization, can either helps a Huishang to creating miracles in his commercial enterprise, or providing continuous and powerful impetus on helping his son or his brother to pass the Civil Examination and promote political status.
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