A Tentative Comparison Between Heidegger And Wittgenstein's Thinking Of Being

In recent years, the comparison of Heidegger and Wittgenstein has become a research hot in foreign philosophical studies, and also there were some relevant papers in China. But we have not seen any relevant papers that are from the perspective of "thinking of Being". And in our points of views, this perspective is very important to compare their philosophies. The dissertation aims at a tentative comparison between them from this perspective. Thinking of Being namely "saying truth of Being", is composed of the three elements, ie., "Being", "truth" and "saying". Heidegger and Wittgenstein's philosophies were both "new thinking of Being", and were no longer ontology. They both transcended "the whole ontology" ("ontology as ontology") in different but relevant ways. "The three elements" of their new thinking of Being transcended "the three elements" of old ontology. This dissertation attempts to compare their new thinking of Being through the way of comparing "the three elements" of their new thinking of Being separately.Chapter 1 introduces the dissertation topic and the methods of our comparison, reviews relevant studies both domestic and foreign on it, summarize the pathway of this dissertation.Chapter 2 outlines the history of thinking of Being before Heidegger and Wittgenstein's thinking in order to provide a context to compare their thinking of Being, portrays the ontology's element "logical saying" through the circular demonstration between philosophy and the possibility of science—from the perspective of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, and "sees" a new thinking of Being that is no longer ontology from the "practical thinking of Being" of Marx's.Chapter 3 exhibits and compares their "truth" of their different thinking of Being. Both Heidegger and Wittgenstein selected "truth" as the key to transcend old ontology. Heidegger's truth: formale Anzeige→Erschlossenheit des Daseins→ek-sistente Freiheit→Lichtung des sich verbergenden Bergens, while Wittgenstein's "truth": sich-Zeigen des Unsprechliches→sich-Zeigen der Lebensform→Weltbild. Their new "truth" transcended ontology's "truth as correctness of proposition". "Lichtung" and "Weltbild" both have some "moving spatiality".Chapter 4 compares their different transcendence of the element "Being" of ontology. Heidegger's new "Being": Ur-etwas→Sein des Seienden→Sein selbst. And Wittgenstein's new "Being": Unsprechliches→Lebensform. There is much relativity between their new "Being", such as: Ereignis as somehow "the only One", but there are innumerable Lebensformen, and they both are not ontology's "present being".Chapter 5 compares their different new "saying", Heidegger's as Reden des Daseins→Sagen des Ereignisses, and Wittgenstein's as 7 Sprachweisen→Sprachspiele, neither of which is proposition of ontology, and the latter is actually grounded by the former. Meanwhile, There are some most interesting similarities of them, such as, they are both somehow games.Chapter 6 concludes their new thinking of Being respectively and sums up all comparison above. They both transcended all ontology's "old three elements" by "new three elements" of their new thinking of Being. They faced very different ontology, while from a wider perspective, what they faced directly is "the whole ontology" ("ontology as ontology"), namely "truth-logical saying (proposition)-present being". They transcended "the whole ontology" in distinctive ways, ie., "Lichtung-Ereignis-Sagen" as Heidegger's and"Weltbilder-Lebensformen-Sprachspiele" as Wittgenstein's, and both are mostly interrelated.