A Study On Argumment Co-occurrence Rules And Clause-Government Mechanisms In Modern Chinese Patient Object Clauses

The thesis mainly expounds the argument co-occurrence rules and mechanisms that govern argument co-occurrence in modern Chinese patient object clauses. The study specificly describes all kinds of circumstances of argument co-occurrence in patient object clauses on the basis of a large scale of corpus. In the process of the study, the author lays stresse on the overall investigation of language facts and the statistical analysis about objective data, which contains the static observation,dynamic description and the static and dynamic comparative analysis.The author thinks highly of the enough explanation on the basis of the enough observation and description, and tries to give a reasonable explanation on relevant grammatical phenomena. In addition to emphasizing the detailed analysis and description to those micro -cosmic language facts, the author attaches great importance to the interpretation, inheritance and innovation of macro language theories, and strives to combine the both effectively. Taking the theories of clause-government force, construction grammar, the hypothesis of dynamic argument structure as theoretical background, the author puts forward a series of propositions: judging argumment types in a clause, determining argumment features in a clause, the interactiv relations of sentence patterns, argumments and verbs , the expansion theory on the hypothesis of dynamic argumment structures, etc. and obtains a series of linguitic rules with theoretical value and practical significance by the integrated use of " the theory of small triangle" and the research approaches such as statistics and Comparation.The essay focuses on the following issues.The first chapter discusses the circumstances of argumments entering into clauses and clause-governmment mechanisms. (1) Within the framework of clause-governmment, "judging argumment types in a clause" is put forward, that is to say, the type of a subjective phrase is ascertained only in a concrete sentence patterns. The author analyzes the characteristics of Chinese argumment system and the basic types of Chinese argumments, and considers that determining a argumment must be used double standards with form and sense. (2) The author puts forword "determining argumment features in a clause" on the basis of "judging argumment types in a clause", that is to say, it is difficult to ascertain that an argumment is permissible one or a necessary one if it leaves from a specific sentence pattern. There are three characteristics of an argument: permissibility, necessity and impermissibility under the static condition. Only after an argumment enters into a clause , some characteristics of it are manifested. In different sentence patterns, the characteristics revealed by different argumment may be different. The author also analyses the types of the sentence patterns related to patient object clauses based on events ,and the permissibility, necessity and impermissibility of all kinds of argumments. (3) In certain amount of corpus, the author conducts statistics and gains the prior sequences of which various argumments enter into patient object clauses, the differences of which the the lower categories of various argumments enter into clauses and the prior sequences of which various argumments act as syntactic components.(4) The author explores how sentence patterns, the meaning of argumments, the sense of verbs, context and the factor ofwriting style govern argumments' entering into clauses. The second expounds the circumstances of argumment pairings and clause-governmmentfmechanisms. (1)The author analyses concretely the types of argumment pairings in patient object clauses: the pairings of the same types of argumments and the pairings of the different types of argumments, and investigates the concrete circumstances of the pairings of the same types of argumments and the pairings of the different types of argumments. (2) The author analyses the item numbers of the argumment pairings. According to the argumment numbers before verbs, the circumstances of argumment pairings can be divided into five forms: single item, double items, triple items, tetradic items and quintuple items. (3) Through a scope of corpus statistics, the ahthor obtains the prior sequences of the types of argumment pairings and item numbers of argumment pairings. (4) The author analyses the mechanisms that govern the types and item numbers of argumment pairings, and thinks that the semantic features of argumments and writing styles can also play a role in governmment as well as the factor of sentence patterns.The third chapter elaborates the rules of argumment orders and governmment mechanisms. On the basis of summarizing various theories of argumment orders abroad and home, according to Chinese flexibility, the author puts forword the views that tendentious prior expressions of argumments can express all kinds of argumment orders. (2) The word order relations among co-occurrent argumments are analysed through the tendentious prior expressions of argumments.(3) On the basis of the above, the author gaines the "tendentious prior sequences of co-occurrent argumments " and explains some exceptions by using envelope principle. At the same time, the author makes a comparison of actual word order among co-occurrent argumments in fact corpus, and verifies the science of " tendentious prior sequences " from the dynamic and static perspectives, and studies the adaptability of "the tendentious prior sequences " in other sentence patterns.(4) The different word order of co-occurrent argumments can generate various word order structures. So, the author puts forword the "default structure" and " derivational structure" and the relation principle of word order, and verifies the principle through various illustrations. (5) Finally, the author investigates all the mechanisms governing argumment orders, they are sentence patterns, argumments, cognition, context and argumment marks. The fourth chapter expounds argumment marks and their use and disuse rules. (1)First the author divides the argumment marks into connection marks and attribute marks, and interprets their different roles in a clause respectively. Connection marks mainly play a connective role, by which noun phrases and verb phrases, mainly non-coordinate noun phrases are connected, furthermore, the connection marks in the head play a role of connecting a discourse. Attribute marks are used in determining argumment features. Contemporaneously, the author also investigates the used numbers of the argumment marks(connection marks), which vary in the 0—3 range. (2) The author divides argumments into marked argumments and unmarked argumments, both of which can be ascertained only in a clause, and analyses some common argumment marks, the phenomena that several argumments use the same marks and the conditions that a type of argumments use several marks. (3) The author analyses the marked circumstances of various arguments through corpus statistics in patient object clauses, the common differences of various marked argumments, and the overall marked circumstances of the argumments acted as thesis, subject and adverbial. (4) The author analyses three results after the marks of the marked argumments are invisible: the sentence pattern is unqualified, the sentence pattern has changed, and the sentence pattern remains unchanged. At last, the author discusses the mechanisms that restrict argumment marks to be invisible, and they are syntactic factor(mainly syntactic location), the meaning characteristics of argumments, the factors of context and the weakening degree of argummment marks themselves.