On "People-centredness"

"People-centredness" is the essence and the core of the concept of scientific development,it is also the fundamental principle that Marx's construction of the historical materialism. "People-centredness" put forward by the concept of scientific development and the Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology are in the same strain . The fact that The concept of scientific development regards the "people-centredness" as its essence and the core not only protrudes the fundamental principle that have long been neglected in the Marxist historical materialism , but also advances the "people-centred"thinking in the Marxist historical materialism to a new level and a new stage. Centered on the "people-centred" ideology, starting from the study about the formation of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" thinking, the dissertation offers a systematic analysis of the basic content of the Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology, expounds the process in which China's Marxists inherit and develop the "people-centred" thinking of Marxist historical materialism, proves that the "people-centred" thinking of concept of scientific development is the latest achievement of the"people-centred" ideology of Marxist historical materialism in the contemporary China. Finally, the new ways to thoroughly implement the thinking of "people-centredness" and to practise the concept of scientificdevelopment are explored.The content of this dissertation includes four parts: In Part I, the author introduces the background of the times, sources of theory and forming trajectory of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" thinking and explains the inevitability of the formation of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology. In the 19th century ,the loss of the humanitarian in the development of capitalism, and the reality of the live of the inhuman were the underlying reasons stimulating the exploring of Marxism; the historical facts that some fine designs of utopian socialists on the future were dashed repeatedly,made the task of turning the utopian socialism into a science socialism fall on the shoulders of Marx and Engel's. It is Marx and Engels who co-founded Historical Materialism but Marx is the one who made the main contribution. At the very beginning, the Marxist historical materialism was demonstrated in the centre of the theory on total liberation of the proletariat ---the theory of scientific socialism. It can be said that Marxist historical materialism is around and for the people from the day of its establishment, in which human is an eternal theme.The theoretical sources of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" thinking, in the broad sense, are the all "people-centred" thinking and the humanitarian (humanism) traditions of mankind philosophy in the past; in the narrow sense, the main and most direct sources are t Germany's classical philosophy especially the "people-centred" thinking in Feuerbach and Hegel's philosophy, with the reasonable "people-centred" thinking in Hegel's historical idealism as the important source of the Marxist historical materialism"people-centred" thinking, and Feuerbach's philosophy of "people- centredness" as the main source from which Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology came.Just as Marxist historical materialism has a process of formation, Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology has a trajectory of formation. In fact, the Marxist historical materialism and the formation of "people-centred" ideology are the two aspects of the same process, because that the Marxist historical materialism and the "people-centred" ideology are the same, on the basis of which is the establishment of the scientific practice viewpoint. The "objects" in Marxist historical materialism are related to the practice activities; the "people" in Marx's "people-centredness" are those engaged in the practice activities. The establishment of the Practice view provided us an opportunity for scientific understanding of the consistency between the Marxist historical materialism and "people-centred" ideology. Viewed throughout history of the development of Marxist thinking, the formation of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology is broadly divided into four stages: "doctoral thesis" period ----the formation of the "People-centred thinking in "self-awareness" sense; "Rhine" period --- the formation of the "People-centred" thinking in material interests sense; "Germany and France Yearbook" period - --- the formation of the "People-centred" thinking in historical creator sense; "Manuscript" to the "forming" period --- the formation of the "People-centred" thinking in subject of practice sense. In Part Two, the author systematically elaborates the basic content on Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology, the essentiality of which lies in the fact that no one can make a total comprehensive summary about the "people-centred" ideology. In view of the author's knowledge and insight scope, she only follow her own thinking to sum up the Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology broadly into four basic areas: people being the subjects of social development; people being the purposes and means of social development; people being the driving forces of social development; people are the ultimate goals of social development.That people are the subjects of social development is a basic elements of the Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology .Marx believed that as a subject of social development a person was not "abstract", but "realistic" in the actual activities within a certain social relationship. Whether a person is regard as a realistic person, in the actual activities is a watershed between the Marxist historical materialism "people-centredness" and "people-centred" philosophy in the past. It is also the key by which Marx unifies the historical materialism and the "people-centred" thinking. The reason why the "people" in Marxist historical materialism "people-centredness" are in "fundamental" status and role in social development is that the "people" as subject of social development have autonomy,initiative among which creativity demonstrated by practice activities, and creativity is the most essential attribute of subject. Marx firmly thought that it the overwhelming majority of the masses of the people who are the creators of history or the subject. As the creator of history or the subject, people have duality, who are both the objective and means, they are not only the creators, but also the enjoyers. In other words, that social historical development serves for People and relies on People, which is the Another basic content of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology.Marxist historical materialism holds that basic social contradictions are the fundamental driving force of social development, the formation and solution of which are inseparable from the people's practice. Observing basic social contradictions from the point of view of the people and the people's practice, the following conclusions can be drawn: basic social contradictions are actually the contradictions of the practice activities, the contradictions between people's needs or interests and productive forces or production relations which come from practice activities are the driving force behind the development of social history; observing basic social contradictions from the perspective of the people and their practice can promote the driving force of the basic social contradictions to a deeper level. It should be specially pointed out that the importance of the Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology lies in its observation that people produced the driving force in the practice activities.Marxist historical materialism considered that the ultimate goal of social development is the full and free development of people. Marx defined the ideal society - communist society as one in which each person can fully and freely develop himself. The basic content of Marx's thinking of the full and free development can be summarized as the following: everyone should develop without being hindered; all aspects of human nature, such as the potential, the ability of activities, social relations, free personality, the moral standard should develop without being hindered, the full and free development of people is a constant process. In a sense, social development is the process in which the full and free development of people is constantly achieved. It can be safely concluded that the full and free development of people should be included in Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology.In Part III, the author deals wiht the inheritance and development of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" thinking in China, with the emphasis on the thinking of the "people-centredness"of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin. As a inheritor and developer of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology in China,Mao Zedong's remarks"people are the real heroes," "people, and only the people, are the driving force for the creation of the history of the world", " wholeheartedly service for the people"," ethics, intellect, physique, " fully displayed the concepts of the people subject, the people power, the people interests and the concept of the full development of people.As a Marxist, Deng Xiaoping's "people-centred" ideology can be summarized as the following: respecting the people; relying on the people; serving the people;cultivating the people etc. Jiang Zemin's thought of paying attention to the force of the masses, caring for the living of people , upgrading the quality of people embodies how he inherits and develops the ideology of Marxist historical materialism "people-centredness" .In Part IV, the author elaborates the great practical significance, profound connotations, and theoretical innovation of the concept of scientific development "people-centred" thinking, showing that the concept of scientific development "people-centred" ideology is the result of the latest development of Marxist historical materialism "people-centred" ideology in contemporary China. At the same time, she actively explores the new ways to better adhere to the "people-centred" thinking and to deeply implement the concept of scientific development.The raising of concept of scientific development "people-centredness" is inevitable in crucial period of China's reform and development, it adapts to the general trend of the change of concept of development of the world, it is a concentrated expression of the Party's fundamental purpose, and fundamental philosophy; it provides a new guideline for healthy and fast development of China's economy and society. The basic meanings of the "people-centredness" of the concept of scientific development include "Development for the people", "development relying on the people"; "sharing the fruits of development by the people." "People-centred" concept of scientific development makes a scientific definition for the development theory naming the first time; it first concisely and clearly establishes the status and role of the people in the development, deepens the understanding of the concept of development of the Marxist historical materialism;most important, it made a significant innovation of the development concept by unifying the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable into the development concept. In order to adhere to the "people-centredness", deeply implement the concept of scientific development, we must change the approach of economic development, combine economic growth with the improvement of people's social well-being;we must regard the people's basic survival needs as the first need, and do everything possible to expand employment,provide enough job opportunities and food for the people; we must enthusiastically solve the problems for vulnerable groups, make the masses share the fruits from the reform and development;we must place people's development in the core position of the social development and actively explore the ways for the contemporary Chinese to achieve the free and full development.