The Historical Review Of Study Abroad In USSR At The Early Period Of PRC

The work of study abroad is an important strategic choice for a country,specially the undeveloped country to strive for the time, reduce the disparity, realize modernization. The work of study abroad has an enormously affect on a national science and technology strength and the comprehensive national strength promotion. The core of study abroad is selecting and dispatching foreign student, more than 100 years history tells us, the foreign student is always the the bird which reports good news of Chinese modernization and the person who plays in the surf. It is worth noting that the study abroad is closely linked with China's modernized advancement, in a sense, the movement of study abroad is the barometer of Chinese modernization advancement.The high tide (1949-1965)of study abroad in USSR at the early period of PRC has different characteristic from other several study abroad movement. It is the important constituent of dispatching Foreign student to USSR by large-scale.At the same time, it is closely related to China's domestic economic development.As an important constituent of Talent development strategy, on the one hand, dispatching foreign student to USSR can make up for the shortage of domestic construction professionals;on the other hand, from the long-term consideration, which can profit from Soviet Union's vanguard technology and the management, laying the solid foundation for the new China's modernization.This article attempts to track down the historical trail, returns to original state of study abroad in USSR at the early period of PRC. The full text is divided into six chapters:The first chapter analyzes the historical perspective and necessity of study abroad in USSR at the early period of PRC.At the early period of PRC,following the formulation of "leans to one side"and the establishment of Sino-Soviet Union alliance, China raised the high tide of learning to USSR. Through the full reception the research institutions and universities before the founding of the PRC, running the higher education, Striving for the return of Foreign student,and accepting the Soviet experts coming to China, To a certain extent alleviated the supply and demand contradiction of talented person. Generally speaking, however, the shortage of technology professionals is very serious, and has affected PRC's economic development plan implementation. Selecting and sending students to USSR is the strategic decision which can make up for the Defects and deficiencies.The second chapter introduces the historic course of selecting and sending students to USSR by stages. Early in the 1920s and 1930s, the Communist Party of China dispatched a part of revolutionary cadres to study in USSR, their main mission was to study USSR's political theory and the military skill, returned to homeland to join the revolution.In the 1930s and 1940s,the part of CPC senior cadre's children lived and studied in the Soviet international child courtyard,until the founding of PRC,some of them had returned to homeland.It has the positive effect to the study abroad in USSR at the early period of PRC.In 1948,CPC Northeast Bureau dispatched 21 young people to USSR,and had begun the prologue of the movement studying abroad in USSR. In August 1951,PRC dispatched the students to USSR the first time by large-scale,although the preparation was quite hasty, but the significance was profound.It is the prosperous and notable stage in 1950s, in 1960s,with the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, dispatching students to USSR sharply reduced, as well as the final full stop.The third chapter introduces the creation of the prepared department studying in USSR by the file and the real diagnosis material,as well as to introduce the training details.In order to resolve the difficulties which the students meeted in USSR, specially the language difficulties, at the beginning of 1952, the prepared department studying in USSR had been established. Its main task is to let students train intensivly for about a year, mainly in three aspects: the vocational training focused on strengthening Russian, in addition there were some political theory courses; Through the honest and loyal movement to meet the political censorship; The logistics support is mainly guaranteed students good health during the high-intensity study. In addition, in charge of the material prepared to go abroad is also the necessary work.The fourth chapter introduces the study and the living condition of the overseas students in USSR, through the memories of the students and the relevant file documents,we can see the students how to overcome the language difficulties;how to select specialty;how to exam and reply papers;and how to carry on the daily political study,Meanwhile to introduce amateur living abroad, summer work, illness convalescence and exotic marriage and other issues.The fifth chapter mainly introduces the contribution after the foreign students returned to the homeland.As the first elite,there emerged more than ten party and state leaders, more than 200 province departmental level cadres,and more than 200 two courtyard academicians. In the field of science and technology, agriculture, railroad, education, art, geology, aviation and others,we can see the students who once study in USSR, Some of them has made the remarkable contribution for China's construction.The sixth chapter theoretically summarizes the characteristic and the historic appraisal of study aboard in USSR at the early period of PRC. it is closely related to national construction,the CPC and the country pay great attention to the movement,the course of selecting is very strict,meanwhile the movement is deeply affected by the Sino-Soviet relations.Although there are some shortcomings just like unitary country, rigid management system and other issues, but the flaw does not cover the fine jade, the movement of study abroad in USSR at the early period of PRC is successful as a whole.It breeds a large number of scientific and technological talents, simultaneously the spirit of diligent assiduous, the patriotic offer, bearing the burden of responsibility, sets up the glory example for afterward foreign student.