Yan'an Literature And Peasant-culture

Chinese civilization is based on agriculture and the nature of Chinese culture is a farming culture to a certain extent. The history of "agriculture China" generates the cultural characteristics of "peasants China". Peasant-culture has a powerful vitality and influence due to its long and fruitful history. Hence Chinese literature as a special form of Chinese culture carries the feature of peasant-culture undoubtedly. Meanwhile, the revolution in modern China is a social one in which peasant is the main force, and peasants' cultural mentality, morality and vales affect every aspect of revolutionary course directly or indirectly. As a result, modem Chinese literature which interacts and co-exists with Chinese revolution surely connects closely with peasant-culture.In the history of modern Chinese literature development, Yan'an literature is the most closely links with peasants and peasant-culture. Yan'an literature which writes peasants and for peasants is nourished by peasant-culture in depth. peasants' mental cultural structure, moral ideals, values make the direction and construction of Yan'an literature. On the other hand, Yan'an literature is ever-changing literary and reshaping peasants' values, aesthetic orientation, ethics and customs, and requires and promotes peasants to participate in the anti-imperialist and anti-closure revolutionary struggle to become the major force of Chinese revolution and obtain their own liberation while getting the national liberation and class liberation. Yan'an literature is a new literary dialogue between literature and peasants, the exchange between the elite intellectuals and peasants, surely the dialoguer and exchange occurs under mainstream ideology control. However, we can not ignore the tremendous impact and restriction on literature of the peasant rising. In view of this, the papers explores Yan'an literature from peasant-culture perspective and tries to sort out the bi-directional complicated relation between Yan'an literature and peasant-culture to expect to provide some implications for the healthy development and construction of peasant-culture during the transitive period.The papers can be divided into 6 parts.In the introduction, three problems are discussed. The first is the origin of the topic and the establishment of research perspective; the second is the definition of the research object and the analysis of current situation; the third is the definitions and the explanation of the core concepts in this paper. In addition, the research methods and thinking path are presented briefly in introduction.The body includes 4 chapters, which explore the bi-directional complicated relation between Yan'an literature and peasant-culture from 4 aspects in from "external research" to "internal research" sequence.In chapter 1, the author analyzes the complex causes of Chinese peasants' rising in the 1930s and 1940s in the first half of the entire 20 century. Peasants acting as a motive group of modernization is a special phenomenon in the world, which China realizes its grand goal of reconstructing national country just by peasants' force. The establishment and development of peasants' ideological publicity not only because the special historical and cultural background and the context of social reality, but also benefit from Chinese Marxist's discovery and construction about peasants as main force of revolution and can not separate from Yan'an unique culture and environment.In chapter 2, the author focuses on "bi-directional enlightenment" and interactive relation between peasants and intellectuals. Intellectuals in Yan'an who experienced "Zhengfeng", "Shengan" and "Xiaxiang" movement have already become from earl-criticism, self-inferiors to pathological aberration. They experienced from worship to peasants group as revolutionary main force to the identification or worship of peasant-culture value. At the same time, intellectuals also sow the seeds of new ideas, new concepts, new culture of modern civilization, democratic science into rural areas and peasants' heart and bring peasants' thought, cultural revolution, national liberation and class liberation into tempo progress and the rough journey of "human beings" modernization" of Chinese peasants starts. Intellectuals on the conversion of folk artists and the participation in Yan'an art movement embody the "bi-directional enlightenment" interactive relation between peasants and intellectuals.In Chapter 3, the author explores "peasant-complex" at the core leadership of the CPC which is centered by Mao Zedong and intellectuals, restricts on the construction of Yan'an literature implicitly "peasant-complex" not only embodies Yan'an intellectuals try to find the methods and way that literature reflects peasants active creation "literature for peasants", thus a sold foundation for Yan'an literature in theory and practice is built, also embodies peasants' cultural mentality and spiritual construction deposited in their bottom of heat, which caused them to lose themselves before authority. That is also the main cause of authorilization of "Speech at the Yan'an Literature Symposium". The most important constructor Mao Zedong is also affect ant by "peasant-complex" in his literature in the implicit or explicit manner. Therefore, "peasant-complex" is the potential motivation of the construction of Yan'an literature view.In chapter 4, the author explores Yan'an artists how to creatively convert peasant-culture resources under new literature view. The creative conversion embodies in the absorb and extraction of farmers' language and the use, improvement and innovation of folk art form. The improvement of peasants' cultural resources Yan'an artists made was the one from perspective, identity and gesture angle, is a process which makes "the small tradition"which roots in folk and displays folk characteristics refine and "templization". Meanwhile, peasant-culture affects and restricts the generation and development direction in language style and aesthetic.At the end of the paper, the author analyzes and sums up Yan'an literature's success and failure in the colure of literature's nationalization, modernization and popularization and explores the important aspect of native culture,the validity and limitless of the modern conversion of peasant-culture.