Ancient DNA Analysis Of Human Remains Before Qin Dynasty In The Great Wall Belt In Inner Mongolia

As a discipline of humanities and social sciences, Archaeology is always in the absorption of relevant knowledge, and constantly breaks its own limitations. In a new era, molecular biological technology in archaeology is playing an increasingly important role.Molecular Biology in archaeology research mainly reflects in the following aspects: First, the application of the techniques of ancient DNA (aDNA) allows us toexplore the past directly and meticulously by the molecular tool. Second, DNA data obtained from ancient human remains can be used to test hypotheses about human origins, evolution, migrations and admixture, and reconstruct ancestor-descendant relationships between populations. In addition, social organization structure and marriage patterns in history and prehistory can be elucidated based on aDNA data at large. Geographically, "The Great Wall belt in Inner Mongolia," stretches, north China, north-east China along the Great Wall and its adjacent areas.The main areas mainly includs the Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia, grassland and Xilin Gol Grassland in Ulanqab, and along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi, Shanxi Province, northern Hebei Province, and other places south and north of the Yanshan Mountain and located in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia region, in western Liaoning and Beijing, Tianjin, Tang region. Physical Geography from the concept, to the north of the Yinshan Mountains area bounded south Loess Plateau, Helan Mountain foothills west, the East arrived in the Bohai Bay.Owing to its particularity in geographic location and natural condition, it become an area with farming and nomadic cultures interracting upon each other, a strategic zone for historical dynasties in the Central Plains and ehtnic minorities states in north China, and a stage of Tufang, Guifang ,Xianyun, Rongdi, Xiongnu, Donghu, Wuhuan, Khitan and other ethnic groups from the Shang and Zhou periods onward. The paper aims to reconstruct the racial types of ancient population in the Northern Nomads belt along the Great Wall of China.In this dissertation, including five chapters, is aimed at researching the aDNA of human ramains before Qin Dynasty in the Great Wall belt in Inner Mongolia . Therefore, research on the populations from the different space-time in the belt is important and far-reaching for the probing into population migrations and gene flow as well as communications and replace of culture between populations. It is a new research by different methods such as molecular biology, ethology, paleopathology and other referenced study such as archaeology and geography.Chapterâ… .In this chapter, historical background of the study was established and the concept of the The Great Wall belt in Inner Mongolia was defined. We give a brief on archaeological research along the Great Wall belt in Inner Mongolia before Qin Dynasty, clarified the purpose and significance of the study .Chapterâ…¡.Author explained in detail the archaeology and cultural background of the ancient residents along the Great Wall belt in Inner Mongolian, and explained the ancient DNA research theory. Furthermore, author introduced in Chinese and foreign country ancient DNA research and the results achieved in the archaeology Application. Chapterâ…¢.In this chapter, author systemically analyzed mtDNA from the ancient human remains excavated in Miaozigou site, Zhukaigou site, Yinniugou cemetery, Guoxianyaozi cemetery, Xindianzi cemetery, Jiangjungou cemetery, Xiyuan cemetery before Qin Dynasty from the south-middle Inner Mongolia.on the basis of mtDNA data from different space-time popuations in the Middle-south of Inner Mongolia, our research reveals that the genetic structure and ethnologic origin of the ancient populations as well as the relationships and gene continuity between the ancient populations and extant populations. Our research provides some clues for exploring the genetic composition of populations in south central region of Inner Mongolia during the Warring States period. It also has academic value in unraveling complex patterns of past human migrations in this area. In summary, this aDNA study shows the continuity of the matrilineal genetic structure in the population in the Middle-south of Inner Mongolia.Chapterâ…£.In this chapter, author systemically analyzed mtDNA from the ancient human remains excavated in the Shuiquan site, Longtoushan site and the west cemetery of Jinggouzi site Before Qin Dynasty from the east Inner Mongolia. The Jinggouzi population is closer to Donghu in genetic distance than other compared populations. Combining with the analysis of genetic structure, race, origin and descendent etc. we obtained some molecular genetic evidences on the disputed questions of the"Donghu"study. We provided the clues to the history, archeology and ethnology on ancient population.Chapterâ…¤.Conclusion. It makes a summarized discussion about the whole four chapters .Some inadequacies in this paper were pointed out.