The Study Of The Country Official Staffs In The Qin And Han Dynasty

The doctoral dissertation is about the Country Official Staffs in the Qin and Han Dynasty. The contents include the survival situation of the petty officials, the relationship between officers and inferior officials, the duty of the officials see in the Record of Bamboo Slips and the influence on the country. We will to inspect the action of Country Official Staffs how to affect the grass-roots society in the Qin and Han Dynasty, which is helpful for us to understand the social changes in the Qin and Han Dynasty.As the most basic level officials, the quality of the Country Official Staffs was"Wenli"in Qin Dynasty and the early period of Han Dynasty. Although Confucianism was more quality upgrading in the latter of the Han Dynasty, but who was charged with the grass-roots clerical work was still the"Wenli", Confucianism should not overestimate its influence. In the view of the vocational skills, the Country Official Staffs were composed of"Wenli"and"Wuli", because of the different professional accomplishment, both effects were different in the administrational performance, and the ideal Country Official Staffs still was who was well versed in both civil and military ability. In the point of the organizational structure,"Menxia"who were responsible for the internal affairs and"Zhucao"were responsible for the exterior affairs composed the whole of the Country Official Staffs.On the study of the history of"Qin and Han Dynasty", the academic left little attention on the county government official's survival circumstances, but massive Bamboo Slips enables us to know more about their actual work, the life condition. In general, the government has made some restrictive regulations on arrangement of the staffs, but the dislocation phenomenon in the actual execution was prevalent. Usually, the country official staffs were raised in the school or followed the officers to learn how to do a employable staffers. Although some of them rich, but the life of majority was impoverished for the slender salary. Wo found sometimes the frequent business trip even becomes its routine work the habit from the Records of Bamboo Slips, which was different from with formerly understanding that they usually worked in local authorities.The academic has given more attention on the relationship between the officers and the inferior officials, usually the relationship was liege. But in the Actual administrative operation, two relations existed between the officers and the officials. In general, it was impossible to replace completely the original petty local official after the new officer took office, thus the new officer must faced to various relationship. From the historical record, the existence incumbent official and predecessor is between the government official the contest, because the government official most post were held by the local, this kind of contest actually became gambling between the local influence and the incumbent official strength. Based on only when both sides had same ideas, the officer and the officials could conclude liege relation through certain ceremony. It was development of the multi-lateral liege relation from the Spring and Autumn Period Warring States to Han Dynasty. In the view of the actual administrative operation, because of the different ideas on how to do the clerical work, the officers variously treated the inferior officials when they arranged the work to the underlings.The County official staffs'function has experienced a process from the carelessness to the refinement process in the Qin and Han Dynasty. From the Records of the Bamboo Slips, we knew that there were some different branches to do with the civil service in the country government in Qin dynasty. Along with administration's unceasing increase, the government was divided into more and more branch. It was the Country Official Staffs to take on the majority of the civil service that the County government could run efficiently.The County Officials took the function on national administration's terminal; they related with the basic unit populace closely, it was important to study the relation between the State and the Community. In the Qin and Early Han Dynasty, the State controlled the Country through the petty local official's,"Along with the wealthy and powerful families influence's growing, the wealthy and powerful families seeped gradually into the local government and became the basic unit of political power especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The government official and the wealthy and powerful families gradually controlled the majority of the post in the country government and the national authority gradually became private.