Would Rather Die In Silence, Born

As a mass media,newspapers and magazines occupied a unique position in modern China's Ideological and cultural production and communication.On the one hand,the drifting intellectuals who outside the school system can abtain certain economic income by writing to newspapers or magazines,which can provide them with the material sense of a place to live;On the other hand,those intellectuals also abtain the saying right by writing,which can give them a sense of the spirit of the Living.With the newspapers and magazines as the new foundation for living,arounding the two main themes of enlightenment and salvation,the modem China's intellectuals give full play to the advantages of the mass media.So a lot of representatives of writers who had a significant impact on the country came into being,such as Wang Tao, Zheng Guanying,Liang Qichao,Tan Sitong,Yan Fu,Zhang Taiyan,Zhang Shizhao, etc.With the responsibility for saving the nation,these writers produced a blend of articles against the political,social,ideological,cultural,and other aspects of the new issues of the era of China restructuring.They put forth their own criticism,opinion and ideas,which set off waves of the thinking area in China.They explored some newspaper article styles which are popular in modem China,such as Newspaper's style,Shiwu style,Xinmin style,Logic style.So a kind of speech writing tradition came into being.Shih Hu inherited this tradition,and improved speech writing to a new leve lunder the new historical conditions.In the remarks of diligence,and lasted longer,and the impact of large,there is no other modem scholars in the past can be in Hu's rare horse about the force in newspapers and magazines.Early in the juvenile period,he was sent to editor-in-chief as revolutionary newspaper Jingye Xunbao.As a chief editor,he made a lot of remarks,news commentary which mercilessly criticized the undesirable phenomenon of political,cultural,as well as a national bad quality.Of course,at this time,some of Hu's critications are still with a so-called "justical fire",but some of these ideas and the vernacular literature trainings became an important starting point for the development of his ideas.In the course of studying in America,Hu also is the editor of Chinese students' publications:the Annual Reports on the Chinese students,the Quarterly Reports on Chinese Students and the Monthly Reports on the Chinese students.More importantly, Shih Hu also formed the ideas to "rig the result of saving" at the start from the ideological education for China.After returning in 1917,in this kind of "rigging the result of saving" ideological guiding,Hu participated in the editing of New Youth. Mading up his mind 20 years leaving politics,he wants to build a non-political basis for China's political reforms from ideology and culture.With the joint efforts of all the colleagues of New Youth,they put vernacular literary revolution as a breakthrough, and set off a massive and far-reaching impact of the New Culture Movement which comprehensively revaluates traditional Chinese ethics and cultural traditions.During the campaign,Hu served as a standard-bearer role.His articles advocat the liberation of personality,criticiz the traditional restraints of human nature at the system,and promote sound individualism outlook on life,which provides a new choice for the people whose faith and values are in the chaos.Moreover,Hu also pays special attention to significations of the Science Laboratories Attitude and History Attitude in maintaining personal independence and the importance of academic research,under the guidance of this Experimental Methodology,as the editor-in-chief of Weekly Comment,Hu set off a discussion on "problem and theory" with public opinion out of dissatisfation on the style of commenting politics.Just because of the differences on the ways of commenting politics,the distance between Shih Hu and Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao became further and further,which ultimately created divisions of New Youth.In 1922,Shih Hu founded Endeavor.At same time,he was responsible for editing the Reading Magazines and the National Studies Quarterly.So he embarked on the road of commenting politics and academic research at one time.In the cultural field, he took part in the Debate on Science and Metaphysics to debunk the metaphysics nature behind the Bankruptcy of the Science,and to establish a scientific outlook on life.In the Discussion of Ancient History,he advocated Doubting Ancient to break out the superstition of the golden age of fiction in the ancient history.In the field of commenting politics,he strove to build a justical newspaper.By wrting a great deal of commentary,He not only wants to change the unhealthy trend of the media only talking about theory,but also to promote China's political plans on track.He advocated Autonomy of the Province,and called for a political scheme,and set off on the Good Government theory.But because he often start from the morality to comment on politics,which lead to division about the Saying World and the Acting World,his comment rebuffed everywhere in line with sinister environment of public opinion at that time.So the Endeavor had to pronounce a failure in the end.Considering the failure of Endeavor,Hu adjust the speech pointer to ideological and cultural aspects once again.He supported the Modem Comment,and then founded the Fertile Crescent with Xu Zhimo,Liang Shiqiu,etc.In the Discussion on Where We Go,by comparing the large gap between Chinese and Western and analizing of the modem western civilization in the material sense as well as the value of spiritual significance,he promote the scientific academic,and urged countrymen remorse deeply and work hard in order to settle down the poverty,disease,ignorance, corruption,and other problems bit by bit.In addition,he has also made efforts to tap traditional thinking and resources.On the basis of Debate on Science and Metaphysics,he discovered an anti-jurisprudence campaign trail in the last 300 years of China.But what beyond Hu's expecting is KMT would be even more blatant than the Northern warlords to suppress freedoms and trampling on human rights once after assuming power.Thus,he had to creat a discussion on human rights and constitution. But comparing to the period of Endeveaor,Hu narrowed the scope,which just focusing on the fight for freedom of expression and criticized the KMT for suppressing human rights.After September 18 Incident,the national crisis became more and more imminent.In Chiang Ten-fu's and Ding Wenjiang's instigatationg,Hu found the independent reviews.Learning from the previous experience,he put the Independent Review into a national forum for the public without spending a penny of the fee.At the same time,in order to be a minister of the nation and a friend of the govemment,he insisted on independent spirit.In the handling of Sino-Japanese relations,he insisted proposing conditional peace under the criticism and threats.In the discussion of Confidence and Self-examination,he denounce that China's traditional culture is poor and proposed to build the self-confidence of the people on the basis of self-examination.In the discussion of China Standard and wholesale Westemization,he ignored a group of bureaucrats and scholars' retro accusations and threats,and to promote the full World.In the discussion of Construction and Inaction, he criticized the KMT government's ostentation in a poorer place,and proposed conditional building that rely on the experts.In the discussions of Democracy and Dictatorship,he debate with a group of scholars advocating open autocratic,and called for a concerted effort contributed to constitutional democracy take root in China.After the victory of the Anti-japanese War,wiht a number of joint Professors Hu organized Independence of Community.They appealed KMT to implement the constitutional remonstrance and to build country by Education and Science.But the KMT government put its' fully thoughts on the civil war,so their hope breaks.After retreating in Taiwan,Hu Shi supported the foundation of the Free China.Although there are many barriers and differences between Lei Chen and Shih Hu,Hu still help them as always.And with the Free China,he persisted in striving for constitutional democracy,freedom and human rights.Compared with predecessors and peers,Hu's characteristic of writing is that the main thrust of constitutional democracy and science and education has not been changed.For seeking his ideas communicated more effectively,he settled on the reality of China,and never spread himeself.Adhering to the respinsibility and the independent spirit of ration,he practices a kind of down-to-earth style of speech with tolerant attitude towards opposing views.In the process of writing,it is obviously that adhering to this kind of theme and style will be isolated,be attacked,and be vilified, but Hu still prefer dying for writing to dumbing for living with the guidance of true spirit of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.Needless to say,there are lot speeches about anti-communist in Hu's life.But for such a scholar,we need to go beyond a single evaluation of the political criteria,and mainly put what the results he made in his own areas of expertise as the basis for evaluation.Therefore,on the basis of understanding Hu's limitations,we should respect for his exploration in writing and leam from his experience.So Shih Hu can work as a foundation stone in the process of the Chinese civilization rebuilding.